基于小流域生态系统保护的农村城镇化生态调控方法研究

The process of rural urbanization has the complex feature of society, economic and nature.Small watershed is a comparatively independent ecosystem unit which has clear space boundary and is the optimal measure for the research of rural settlement urbanization..Started from the recognization of the ecological relationship between the evolution of small watershed ecosystem and the rural urbanization, the study makes a research on the dynamics mechanism and development regulation of the system's closure feature ,spacial coupling,structural coupling and the function evolution. Target on the common ecosystem problem of small watershed(the crash and compaction of ecosystem structure,degeneration of ecological sevice function,detention of material metabolism,open loop of information feed back),it studies the complex ecological regulation method in the course of rural urbanization,which includes urban-rural ecological infrustructure(agriculture, forestry, water and ecology land),village system(county,town, country, village), spacial layout(residence, commerce, industry, transportation, green and municipality) ，ecological engineering(environment protection,hydraulic project,urban construction)and the integration of industry system functions (production - circulation - Service - reduction - conservation)..With the rural ubanization of Chaohu area as example, combined with the case of the ecological restoration of Chaohu watershed, the study elaborates the structural relation between macro ecological protection policy and micro ecological engineering at the village level. It is supposed to contribute scientific basis support for China's new rural construction and small watershed's ecosystem protection and management.

农村城镇化过程具有社会-经济-自然复合特征，小流域是具有明确空间边界的相对独立的生态系统单元，是研究农村城镇化问题的优选尺度。. 课题由小流域内生态系统演变与农村城镇化之间的生态关系辨识切入，研究系统的闭合特征、空间耦合、结构耦合和功能演化的动力学机制及发展规律。针对小流域常见的生态系统问题（生态系统结构的破碎与板结，生态服务功能的退化，物质代谢滞留，信息反馈开环），研究农村城镇化过程中的复合生态调控方法，包括城乡生态基础设施（田、林、水和生态用地）、村镇体系（县、镇、乡、村）、空间布局（居住、商业、工业、交通、绿地、市政）、生态工程（环保、水利、城建）和产业系统整合（生产-流通-服务-还原-保育）。. 课题以环巢湖地区农村为案例，结合巢湖流域生态修复，辨析宏观生态保护政策与微观生态工程在村镇层面的结构关联，为我国农村城镇化建设与管理，小流域生态系统综合治理提供科学依据。

本课题研究历时三年，以合肥市合巢经开区的汤河-大闸河小流域为研究目标，形成了丰富的研究成果。课题形成了以小流域为单元的农村城镇化生态调控规划基本框架，归纳出了针对于水生态修复的技术集成体系。课题进行过程中，将PSR理论应用于生态系统健康评价，提炼了10项具有普遍适用意义的指标，并通过健康综合指数设计，实现了不同类型指标间的协同评价。课题研究中，课题组将环境-经济模型应用于汤河-大闸河小流域，预测了该流域的发展态势，验证了模拟-协调-优化模型在小尺度上的适应性，其中技术参数的调整原则和方法具有一定的学术价值；课题研究了小流域景观格局与水质变化之间的时空规律，在回归模型设计和变量参数校核上，有一定的技术突破。课题组长期扎根于合巢经开区，深入研究农村城镇化过程中的观念和机制障碍，形成了农村城镇化过程中的系统管理改革方案。另外，课题重点研究了绿色建筑在小流域尺度内的评价方法，按照总量控制和定额分配的思路，从节能、节水、节材、节地和空气质量控制角度，探寻农村民宅绿色化的技术路线。