Flip buckets have been widely used in release works due to its simple structure and economics. Currently, the study on flip buckets mainly focus on avoiding flow chocking and increasing energy dissipation ratio for reducing project cost and adapting to the characteristics of release works of current hydropower project, these characteristics include high head, large discharge and narrow valley. The present project proposed a new type flip bucket named as two-dimensional dentated and swallow-tail-shaped flip bucket (TDSB). TDSB can separate flow through it into three branches, and thus form the jet dentated in vertical and longitudinal directions, and promote jet entrainment air. So TDSB may gain high energy dissipation ratio, decrease the foundation scour of the downstream river bed, and avoid flow chocking. In this project, the theoretical analysis and physical model experiments will be conducted to investigate the effects of structure and flow parameters of TDSB on flow regimes and energy dissipation ratio, propose the transfer criterion of flow regimes, seek the need of avoiding flow chocking, increase the energy dissipation ratio above 15% comparing to traditional flip buckets. Meanwhile, the cavitation characteristics of TDSB will be studied by performing the hydraulic vacuum tank model experiments, and the geometry of TDSB avoiding cavitation damage will be developed. Furthermore, the theoretical or empirical relationships between geometry, flow parameters and jet trajectory, energy dissipation ratio and scour depth will be given for providing the hydraulic calculation method. In conclusion, this project may provide theory and design guidance for hydropower project design, construction and operation.
挑流鼻坎由于其结构简单、经济实用,广泛应用于水电工程的泄水建筑物。目前,挑流消能的研究主要集中于降低水流起挑条件,提高消能效果,降低工程造价,以适应当代水电工程泄水建筑物高水头、大流量、窄河谷的特点。本项研究提出一种新型双差动燕尾坎,过坎水流可被分成三股,形成沿垂向和纵向两个方向的差动射流,从而使水舌分散入水,增加消能率,减小对下游河床的冲刷,同时减免挑流鼻坎处水流堵塞。本项研究通过理论分析和物理模型试验,研究双差动燕尾坎的结构和水力参数对消能率和流态的影响,提出流态转化的判别条件,降低水流起挑的临界水力条件,使其消能率较传统连续坎提高15%以上;通过减压模型试验研究双差动燕尾坎的空化特性,开发高消能率的无空化双差动燕尾坎的结构体型;提出结构和水力参数与水舌挑距、消能率和冲坑深等的经验、理论关系,建立这种新型挑流鼻坎的水力计算方法。本项研究对工程设计和施工运行有良好的理论和应用价值。
挑流鼻坎由于其结构简单、经济实用,广泛应用于水电工程的泄水建筑物。目前,挑流消能的研究主要集中于降低水流起挑条件,提高消能效果,降低工程造价,以适应当代水电工程泄水建筑物高水头、大流量、窄河谷的特点。研发新型挑流消能工,增加消能率,减小对下游河床的冲刷,减免挑流鼻坎处水流堵塞,对水利水电工程建设是重要的。.本项研究开发了一种差动燕尾坎。过坎水流可分为两股水舌,增加水舌入水面积。差动燕尾坎中间设跌坎平台,不仅减免水流堵塞,且在跌坎两侧设置通气井后可为过流提供良好掺气,防止挑流鼻坎空化空蚀。.研究内容包括:(1)连续坎及燕尾坎的水流阻塞研究;(2)平底燕尾坎流态研究;(3)差动燕尾坎流态与消能研究;(4)平底燕尾坎水舌挑距研究;(5)燕尾坎水舌分散特性及其对消能的影响研究。.取得的主要研究进展、重要结果、关键数据等及其科学意义或应用前景如下:.(1)基于水流阻塞程度相似的原则,提出燕尾坎等效坎高的概念,推导了圆弧坎水流阻塞理论计算式,基于等效坎高给出了燕尾坎水流阻塞临界条件的判别式,可为圆弧坎和燕尾坎的工程设计提供参考。.(2)定义了燕尾坎水舌分散系数,该系数越大,表征水舌分散度越好;揭示了水力和结构参数对水舌分散系数的影响规律,分析了水舌分散对消能和冲刷的影响。.(3)基于抛物体公式,研究得到了新型燕尾坎水舌内外缘挑距估算公式。上股水舌对水舌出射角进行了修正,下股水舌对出射流速进行了修正,可用于指导工程设计。.(4)研究揭示了结构和水力参数对燕尾坎挑流消能工消能率的影响规律,给出了消能率的经验表达式。研究结果表明:新型燕尾坎较传统连续坎的消能率提高15%以上。因其高消能率和防空化、减免水流堵塞的特点,具有较好的工程应用价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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