陆运货物装载布局理论与方法研究

Loading environment for land borne cargos has gradually developed into a comprehensive organic system with flexibility and intelligence oriented to process-loading, which is composed of many restrictive factors such as balanced and anti-weight concentration loading of multiple cargos, auxiliary packing materials and so on. Due to its multiple complexities in the modeling and solving of loading spaces, cargos to-be-loading and loading processes, the loading and packing problems of land borne cargos are complex combinatorial optimization problems with significant theoretical and practical value. Therefore, Many methods such as outline dynamic description method, virtual cargos relaxation method, skeleton and variable-grain method, cooperation evolution and action sequence methods are to be designed. Then, we will propose series of N-dimensional mathematical models for loading and packing problems and process-loading optimal problems for land borne cargos and analyze the stability and convergence for all algorithms，and further build a simulation experiments platform，the theory and methodology of loading and packing problems for land borne cargos are to be researched systematically. The key scientific problems to be resolved are as follows: (1) Min-max matching mechanism for exterior outlines after loading and standardization gauges; (2) Formation mechanism for loading micro-gaps and its tamping problem; (3) Balanced and anti-weight concentration loading and packing problems of multiple cargos; (4) Optimization problem of process-loading with consideration of packed cargos' stabilities. The project is expected to formulate a sound loading and packing theoretical and methodological system for land borne cargos, which will provides theoretical and technical support for safe, high efficiency and artificial intelligent loading of cargos transport in China.

陆运货物装载环境已逐渐发展成为由多件货物平衡抗集重混合装载和非待装辅料填塞等制约因子构成的面向制程装载柔性化和智能化的综合有机体系，陆运货物装载优化问题在装载空间、待装货物和装载过程的建模与求解上具有多重复杂性，是一个复杂的组合优化问题，项目研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。提出外轮廓动态描述法、虚拟货件松弛法、骨架变粒度法、合作式协同进化和动作序列等方法，构造N维陆运货物装载布局和制程装载优化数学模型，分析算法平稳性和收敛性，建立货物装载模拟仿真试验平台，系统研究陆运货物装载优化理论与方法。拟解决的关键科学问题有：（1）装后轮廓与限界最大最小匹配机制；（2）货物装载微间隙形成机制与填塞问题；（3）多件货物平衡抗集重装载布局问题；（4）基于已布货物稳定的制程装载优化问题。本项目的研究将完善陆运货物装载优化理论与方法体系，为解决我国货物运输安全高效装载和机器智能装载决策提供理论和技术支持。

现代物流发展对货物装载质量和效率提出了更高要求，货物装载布局是物流关键环节，货物装载布局优化问题在利用装载空间、适应装载工具，避免偏载集重和装载过程稳定等方面具有多重复杂性，本项目系统地研究陆运货物装载布局问题，研究成果集中表现在以下几个方面：（1）提出了s中心骨架、货物核心堆、布局动作特征、形状相似性等新概念；给出了装载布局函数、中心骨架移动、类First Fit划分等新方法，较好地解决了基于平衡抗集重的货物装载布局问题；这些概念和方法为探索货物装载布局问题的本质、缓解给定规模布局求解时存在的组合爆炸、构造其它布局的高效求解算法提供了启发和借鉴；（2）给出了货物装车前后静态与动态外轮廓数学描述方法，阐明了装后外轮廓与限界最大最小匹配机理，掌握了一维陆运货物与装载工具的安全匹配机制，提出了一维陆运货物装载布局技术；（3）研究了单箱带重心约束、单箱带轴重约束、单箱带集重约束、多箱带重心约束、多阶段带时间约束的货物平衡装载问题，构建了系列数学模型与优化算法，提出了单箱和多箱货物平衡抗集重装载布局优化方法，形成了N维陆运货物平衡抗集重装载布局原理与方法；（4）明晰了货物制程装载机理，设计了基于已布货物稳定的待装货物装载的定序、定位、扩展等装载规则，构建了装载布局评估函数，阐明了陆运货物制程装载的表达和动作执行机制，提出了货物装载自动化技术；（5）构建了陆运货物装载布局模拟试验平台，研制了多种货物装载加固装置，研发出了铁路限界管理及超限超重货物运输决策支持系统、货物装载加固决策支持系统，相关系统正在全国范围内推广使用，促进了本项目相关科研成果的转化。本项目的研究成果基本形成了陆运货物装载布局优化理论与方法体系，提出的系列货物装布局方法为我国货物运输安全高效率装载和机器智能装载决策提供理论和技术支持。