长大货物联合运输组织理论与方法研究

Most long and bulky cargoes are large equipment dedicated for industrial and agricultural production and military with special characteristics such as super heavy, long, wide, height and rather expensive. Also, combined transport, consisting of railway, road and water transportation mode, is becoming the first choice for long and bulky cargo transportation. It is rather difficult to organize long and bulky cargo combined transport, and thus it is a complex systematic engineering with high risks and transport cost. Therefore, this research conducted by this project has both important theoretical value and practical significance. In this project, with the proposed techniques and methods, e.g. factor fuzzy identification technique, corridor fragility assessment technique, resources coupled scheduling technique and cooperative co-evolution method, a simulation test platform of long and bulky cargo combined transport will be built. In addition, the long and bulky cargo combined transport organization problem will be studied deeply from the following aspects, i.e. combined transport safety principles, network topology evolution, resources scheduling optimization and organization collaborative management. The key scientific problems to be solved are as follows, 1) Loading outline dynamic variation rules for long and bulky cargo; 2) Combined transport corridor formation and evolution problem on long and bulky cargo transportation; 3) Resources scheduling coupled optimization problem about long and bulky cargo combined transport; 4) Combined transport organization cooperative management mechanism for long and bulky cargo. The results gained by this project are expected to formulate a perfect theory and methodology system of long and bulky cargo combined transport organization, which will provide theoretical and technical support for resources scheduling cooperative management and integrated decisions about long and bulky cargo combined transport organization in China.

长大货物具有笨重、长大和价格昂贵等特征，多数是工农业生产和军用大型设备，多式联运已成为长大货物运输的首选；长大货物联合运输涉及铁路、公路和水路等交通方式，联运风险大、成本高，作业组织难度大，是一项复杂的系统工程，本项目研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。采用因子模糊识别、通道脆性评估、资源耦合调度和合作式协同进化等技术与方法，构建长大货物联合运输模拟仿真试验平台，从联运安全机理、联运网络拓扑演化、联运资源调度优化和联运组织协同管理四个方面深入研究长大货物联合运输组织问题。拟解决的关键科学问题有：1）长大货物装后外轮廓动态变化规律；2）长大货物联合运输通道形成与演化问题；3）长大货物联运资源调度方案耦合编制优化问题；4）长大货物联运组织协同管理机制。本项目的研究将形成完善的长大货物联合运输组织理论与方法体系，为解决我国长大货物联运资源调度协同管理和联合运输组织安全一体化决策提供理论和技术支持。

长大货物具有笨重、长大和价格昂贵等特征，多数是工农业生产和军用大型设备，多式联运已成为长大货物运输的重要途径；长大货物联合运输涉及铁路、公路和水路等交通方式，联运风险大、成本高，作业组织难度大，是一项复杂的系统工程。本项目系统研究长大货物联合运输组织理论与方法问题，成果主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）分析长大货物联运路网拓扑结构及复杂多样网络安全特征，结合长大货物联合运输的可行性和合理性因素，提出长大货物联合运输调度组织协同决策方法。（2）考虑到路网设施限制和干扰的长大货物联运网络工况，建立长大货物联运路径优化原始及扩展决策模型，提出一类适合于路网改造的长大货物联运路径决策方法。（3）利用水路运输成本低的优势，构建长大货物联运临时码头选址方案决策模型，提出一类考虑临时码头修建的长大货物联运路径决策方法，增加联运网络的灵活性。（4）提出长大货物联运风险因子识别方法，设计长大货物联运风险评估技术与风险防控策略的联运应急预案体系，形成长大货物联运风险防控体系。（5）提出长大货物联运路网改造、新建线路和联运临时码头策略，进行短期和长期经济评估，使新建的线路和码头设施再利用，确保长大货物联合运输网络具有良好的健壮性，说明发长大货物联合运输通道形成与演化。（6）开发出长大货物联合运输模拟仿真系统，在此基础上升级开发限界管理及超限超重货物运输决策系统，这个系统已运用到国铁集团的整个铁路系统。