One of the remarkable features of malaria parasites is the differential transcription of structurally distinct ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes at different developmental stages; the A-type genes (A and B units) are transcribed mainly in asexual stages, whereas the S-type genes (C and D units) are expressed mostly in sexual or mosquito stages. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the individual units in different stages are still poorly understood. Our previous study found that a stage-specifically expressed D-type small-subunit rRNA gene (D-ssu) is essential for oocyst development of the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii in mosquito. We also found variations in D-ssu sequence and/or the timing of transcription could have profound effects on parasite oocyst development. Here we propose to study effects of exchanges of D-ssu ES6S, and ES9S domains between P. yoelii strains By265 and N67 on gene expression and oocyst/sporozoite development using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. We will also replace A-ssu (A-type small-subunit rRNA) with D-ssu, and vice versa, in the By265 strain. We will then compare steady-state mRNA and polysome-associated mRNA levels of genetically modified parasites, including self-replaced controls, at different developmental stages through ribosome profiling and RNA-seq. Pooled polysome fractions from different time point of the parasite development will be analyzed for protein content using Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). We would like to determine: 1) the specific sets of ribosomal proteins bound to different types of rRNA; 2) the effects of specific changes in rRNA sequences on ribosome protein binding; 3) the relationship of stage-specific ribosomes and the mRNA species they translate; 4) the mechanisms of ribosome in regulating gene expression and parasite development. The results will provide valuable information for designing novel strategies for disease control and for answering fundamental questions of ribosome biology and function.
疟原虫的一个独特的生物学特点是在其发育的不同阶段,具有结构不同和时期特异性转录表达的rRNA。不同类型的rRNA是怎样特异性调控疟原虫转录组表达的,目前仍知之甚少。我们前期的研究发现,D型小亚基rRNA(D-ssu)在约氏疟原虫卵囊发育过程中起决定作用,且其调节卵囊的发育具有虫株特异性。本项目拟对两种虫株间D-ssu序列存在差异的区域进行替换修饰;对同种虫株的A-ssu和D-ssu进行基因互换;结合核糖体印记和深度测序的方法,从基因组转录水平监测野生型和基因替换虫株在发育不同时期的转录组表达,鉴别时期特异性表达的基因;并使用MudPIT和质谱技术鉴定与不同类型rRNA互作的蛋白,揭示rRNA在疟原虫发育时期的调节机制。研究不同类型rRNA结构区域的作用和其在疟原虫发育中的调控功能,这不仅有助于理解不同类型核糖体的装配机理,而且可为我们设计阻断疟原虫传播策略和疟疾防控措施提供新的靶点和思路。
本课题组以往的研究发现,D-ssu是约氏疟原虫卵囊发育的必需基因,约氏疟原虫虫株间D-ssu序列的变化以及转录时间的差异对卵囊发育有着重要的影响。然而,我们对不同类型的ssu基因在疟原虫不同发育时期的调节机制仍然了解甚少。为研究ssu基因不同结构域ES6S和ES9S的功能,本项目采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,将By265虫株的D-ssu片段替换成N67虫株的D-ssu片段,以及对By265虫株的D-ssu和A/B-ssu基因片段进行相互替换。在提供了同源模板DNA的条件下,我们成功得到了By265-DssuN67-Dssu、By265-DssuBy265-A/Bssu、和By265-A/BssuBy265-Dssu等替换型克隆。有趣的是,在不提供外源DNA模板的情况下,我们也获得了多种替换型,结果表明疟原虫内源性ssu基因的同源性序列可作为模板修复CRISPR/Cas9介导的DNA双链断裂。. 我们将22个具有不同替换类型的克隆分别感染Balb/c小鼠,以研究替换位点对疟原虫红内期发育的影响。结果显示大部分ssu替换型在红内期的生长发育与野生型相似,同时也发现感染By265-A/BssuBy265-Cssu替换型的小鼠生存率明显上升,尤其是Assu和Bssu双位点替换克隆在红内期的原虫率显著降低,表明By265-A/BssuBy265-Cssu替换型对疟原虫红内期的生长发育具有作用。我们也对不同的替换型克隆进行了蚊期的表型鉴定,包括卵囊数量、唾液腺子孢子数量的统计以及子孢子感染能力等。与野生型相比,大部分克隆的第8天卵囊数量未出现显著的变化,然而,By265-DssuR2-By265-A/B156、By265-DssuR2-By265-A/B500和By265-DssuR2-By265-C255等替换型子孢子显著减少且不能感染小鼠,该结果提示这些替换型影响了卵囊和子孢子的发育。基于CRISPR/Cas9系统,本研究在使用和不使用外源模板两种情况下成功地获得了多种ssu替换型的约氏疟原虫克隆。研究结果为探究ssu基因在疟原虫发育中的调节功能提供了重要信息。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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