碳纳米管的修饰及其对U的吸附行为研究

In order to not only take full advantage of uranium resource but also protect environment, it is quite necessary and urgent to research and develop new high-performance adsorbents to recyle uranium for nuclear waste water. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a novel and interesting graphitic carbon material which has many suitable properties for uranium adsorption, such as large specific surface area, high heat corrosion resistance, controllable growth, good chemical reactivity and selectivity, and etc. It is very promising to develop CNT into a high-performance adsorbent for uranium nuclide through tuning its structure. However, very limited studies have been performed in this field, and the investigations of uranium adsorption based on CNT structure tuning are almost empty to date. Therefore, this proposal timely aims at investigating this issue, including the following iterms: the fabrication of single/multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their adsorption behaviors to uranium nuclide; the influence of complex chemical circumstance to uranium adsorption; the best adsorption condition of fabricated CNT to uranium; and constructing its commercial assessment system. In addition, we try to propose a theoretical model for CNT adsorption to uranium based on versatile characterizations, such as synchrotron radiation, high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy, Raman, and etc. These results would be very important to develop CNT into a high-performance uranium adsorbent, and be meaningful to the sustainable development of nuclear power.

研究开发从含铀废水中分离、回收铀的新型高效吸附材料及提取技术无论对铀资源的充分利用还是环境保护均十分必要和紧迫。碳纳米管具有比表面积大、耐热、耐腐蚀、生长可控、化学操纵性好、选择性好等诸多特点，通过对其进行结构改性或化学修饰，有望成为铀的高性能吸附剂。但目前相关的研究很少，基于碳纳米管结构调控基础上的铀吸附研究几乎处于空白。本课题拟研究碳纳米管单壁/多壁、形态、物理化学修饰等因素对铀的吸附行为，以及复杂化学环境对铀吸附的影响，探索碳纳米管对放射性重金属离子最佳吸附工艺条件，建立碳管吸附铀的经济性评价体系。在此基础上，应用同步辐射、高分辨透射电镜等技术研究碳纳米管吸附铀，提出碳管吸附铀的理论模型。研究结果对培育和发展碳纳米管成为高性能铀吸附剂，保障我国核电可持续发展具有重要科学意义。

研究开发从含铀废水中分离、回收铀的新型高效吸附材料及提取技术无论对铀资源的充分利用还是环境保护均十分必要和紧迫。碳纳米材料，特别是纳米碳管和石墨烯，具有比表面积大、耐热、耐腐蚀、生长可控、化学操纵性好、选择性好等诸多特点，通过对其进行结构改性或化学修饰，有望成为铀的高性能吸附剂。本课题研究了碳纳米管/石墨烯物理化学修饰等因素对铀的吸附行为，以及复杂化学环境对铀吸附的影响，探索了碳纳米材料对放射性重金属离子最佳吸附工艺条件。发现多壁纳米碳管化学切割、氧化后，可大大提高其吸附容量，最大了达502.6mg/g，且具有较高的吸附选择性；并初步探索了碳纳米材料成型化，既碳管-石墨烯气溶胶对U的吸附行为。研究结果对培育和发展碳纳米管成为高性能铀吸附剂，保障我国核电可持续发展具有重要科学意义。