额叶-纹状体神经回路与吸烟成瘾戒断、复吸关系的磁共振影像研究

Smoking addiction affects human brain’s structure and function. Smoking cessation is the most effective way to reduce the harm of smoking addiction. However, we can’t explain why some people quit smoking successfully and some people relapse. This means we don’t know the underlying neural mechanisms of abstinence and relapse in smoking addiction. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesize that the frontostriatal circuits are closely associated with abstinence and relapse in smoking addiction. Therefore, in this project, we recruit a batch of smoking addicts who have aspirations to quit smoking. According to their treatment outcomes, these participants are divided into abstinencers and relapsers. To investigate the dynamic evolution patters for brain structure and function during the smoking cessation, we study these participants using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging. The specific contents are: 1) Whether the structural and functional impairments within the frontostriatal circuits caused by smoking addiction are reversible? 2) To establish relationships between the frontostriatal circuits and the inhibitory control neurocognitive function; 3) To investigate relationships between the frontostriatal circuits and negative emotions under the smoking cessation. 4) To explore the gender differences between men and women under the abstinence and relapse in smoking addiction. 5) Based on relationships between the frontostriatal circuits and abstinence and relapse in smoking addiction, we construct a mathematical model using pattern analysis to predict the smoking cessation outcomes. This project will help us to further understand the relationship between the frontostriatal circuits and abstinence and relapse in smoking addiction, and will provides theoretical and experimental basis for the design of personalized, effective smoking cessation programs in the future.

吸烟成瘾影响大脑结构和功能，戒烟是降低吸烟成瘾危害最有效的方式。然而，为什么有人成功戒烟、有人复吸，即吸烟成瘾戒断、复吸的神经机制是什么，目前还不清楚。在前期工作的基础上，我们推测额叶-纹状体神经回路与吸烟成瘾戒断、复吸密切相关。为此，本项目招募一批志愿戒烟被试者，根据戒烟结果将被试分为戒断组与复吸组，对其戒烟过程进行纵向磁共振影像研究。具体内容是：1）研究吸烟成瘾造成的额叶-纹状体回路的损伤是否可逆；2）建立额叶-纹状体回路与抑制控制认知功能的关系；3）探讨戒烟过程中负性情绪的调节与额叶-纹状体回路的关系；4）探讨吸烟成瘾戒断与复吸的男女性别差异问题；5）利用额叶-纹状体回路与戒断、复吸的关系，结合模式识别方法建立可用于预测戒烟结果的数学模型。本项目的研究将有助于深入理解吸烟成瘾戒断与复吸的神经机制与额叶-纹状体神经回路的关系，为今后设计个性化的、有效的戒烟方案提供理论、实验基础。

吸烟成瘾影响大脑结构和功能，戒烟是降低吸烟成瘾危害最有效的方式。然而，为什么有人成功戒烟、有人复吸，即吸烟成瘾戒断、复吸的神经机制是什么，目前还不清楚，因而控烟效果不佳。我们推测额叶-纹状体神经回路与吸烟成瘾的戒断与复吸密切相关。为此，本项目招募吸烟被试（年轻吸烟者、中老年长期重度吸烟者），并对其进行磁共振影像研究。具体内容：1）研究不同烟龄、烟瘾程度对脑结构与功能,特别是额叶-纹状体回路的影响；2）研究额叶-纹状体回路与认知功能的关系；3）研究吸烟成瘾戒断与复吸的男女性别差异问题；4）研究烟瘾与网瘾的交互效应的神经机制；5）利用动物模型精确调控实验条件研究烟瘾过程的不同阶段对额叶-纹状体回路的影响及其生理机制。具体成果：1）青少年时期的吸烟行为影响大脑发育，特别是干扰了脑白质的发育过程，对后脑有类似“促老化”，对前脑有类似“促发育”；2）长期吸烟对岛叶皮层厚度的影响具有空间特异性；3）烟瘾对皮层下脑结构、能的影响及海马体积的影响具有性别差异，这可能是烟瘾中性别差异的神经基础；4）眶额的脑功能活动异常在烟瘾与网瘾的性别差异都中占据重要作用，烟瘾与网瘾对女性的脑功能活动的可塑性改变弱于男性，尼古丁具有“self-medicine”的作用，网瘾对大脑的一些影响可被尼古丁部分逆转。本项目的研究将有助于深入理解吸烟成瘾戒断与复吸的神经机制与额叶-纹状体神经回路的关系，为今后设计个性化的、有效的戒烟方案提供理论、实验基础。