12小时戒断诱发青少年吸烟者复吸的大脑影像学研究

Smoking addiction has become one of the most serious social problems. It is the key of the public tobacco control campaign to grasp the condition and internal mechanism of smoking addiction in adolescent timely and accurately. However, academic circles still have no unified conclusion for the deep mechanism of smoking addiction in adolescent. Especially, the neuromechanism of smoking relapse caused by craving and cognitive control dysfunction in abstinence state is not clear, which is the core problem in smoking addiction. In this project, we will select young smokers as the research object. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the idea of within-subject design, as well as the multi-mode analysis such as resting state functional imaging and the human connectome, we study the change models of the brain function of young smokers in two states (smoking satiety and 12-h smoking abstinence) from the brain regions level, circuit level and network level respectively. On the basis of this, we explore the relationship between the change of brain inherent characteristics induced by short-time abstinence and craving level and cognitive control dysfunction. We want to build a brain model of smoking addiction in young smokers. This project will provide guidance and reference for the early intervention and treatment of smoking addiction, and have a good prospect for clinical application.

吸烟成瘾已经成为当前最为严重的社会问题之一，及时准确掌握青少年吸烟情况及其背后的作用机制，是国民控烟的关键。然而，学界至今仍然对青少年吸烟成瘾的深层机制没有统一的结论，尤其对吸烟者戒断状态下渴求增强与认知控制功能异常而导致其复吸这一吸烟成瘾核心问题的相关大脑机制不清楚。本项目选取青少年吸烟者作为研究对象，借助磁共振成像技术，采用组内实验设计的思想，同时结合静息态功能影像和连接度组学等多模态分析方法和手段，将分别从脑区水平、回路水平、以及全脑网络水平研究青少年吸烟者在两个状态（满足状态和12小时短期戒断状态）下大脑功能的变化模式，并在此基础上探讨这种短期戒断诱发的大脑内部特性变化与渴求和认知控制功能异常之间的关系，从而构建青少年吸烟成瘾大脑模型，为吸烟成瘾的早期干预和治疗提供帮助，本项目的研究成果具有良好的临床应用前景。

吸烟者戒断状态下渴求增强与认知控制功能异常而导致其复吸这一吸烟成瘾核心问题的相关大脑机制不清楚，本项目选取青少年吸烟者作为研究对象，分别从脑区水平、回路水平和全脑网络水平三个层次探索青少年吸烟者短期戒断状态下与渴求和认知控制相关的大脑机制，开展了以下三方面的研究工作：（1）考察了12小时吸烟短期戒断下青少年吸烟者大脑内部局部脑区的活性，以及这些核心脑区之间关键脑回路（额叶-纹状体）交互模式异常；（2）从全脑水平考察青少年吸烟者大脑功能网络变化的影响，从而进一步揭示青少年吸烟者大脑内部工作模式的变化过程；（3）结合认知行为和线索诱导渴求心理学范式，考察了12小时戒断情况下青少年吸烟者渴求和认知控制能力异常的相关大脑机制。此外在项目资助下项目组还开展一系列机器学习相关研究，取得一定成果，这些研究成果做了技术方法上的积累，从而为后续进行脑影像的机器学习奠定了基础，进一步应用于吸烟成瘾者复吸的分类预测研究。在项目的资助下，同合作单位开展深入合作，发表标注项目号SCI论文23篇，SSCI论文2篇，EI会议论文1篇。