金属-碳复合体中金属纳米颗粒的原位生成

The carbon based materials play an important role in nanoscienes and nanotechnology, however, the metal particles formation in amorphous carbon-metal hybrids is not clarified yet. The interaction of metal, carbon and applied heating or irradiation is to be discussed. This proposal takes a model system of metal-carbon composites obtained through aqueous solution based synthesis to investigate the in situ formation of metal nanoparticles in heat treatment, electron beam irradiation, ion beam irradiation, and so on. The metal nanoparticles' crystal growth features, such as the sizes, aspect ratios, as well as anisotropic growth would be observed and analyzed with suitable computational models in order to elucidate the mechanism herein. Thus obtained metal/carbon composite is promising carbon based functional materials, especilly in area of electrochemical sensors like nonenzymic biosensors. This proposal would take copper, silver and other noble metals for experiments, while more reactive metals should be considered for comparison. Since it is well known that the metal would be active affecting carbon material growth, the structure changes in carbon in heating and irradiation would also be considered.

碳基材料在纳米科学领域占有重要的地位，金属和碳的复合材料在催化传感等领域应用广泛。在金属-非晶碳复合体中的金属纳米颗粒的析出生成过程尚不清楚，其中金属和碳的相互作用，以及外加条件的作用尚需探讨。本项目拟以实验结合理论，利用水热方法等水溶液方法得到微米纳米级金属-碳复合物前驱体，研究其中金属纳米颗粒在热处理和电子束、光、离子束等辐照条件下的原位形成过程，其晶体生长特性及金属纳米颗粒的尺寸、长径比、取向等形貌特征，材料的力学、电学和电化学性能；结合第一性原理密度泛函方法的计算模型，阐明金属的扩散和纳米颗粒的成核生长机理。所得金属和碳的复合物功能材料在电催化反应如非酶生物传感器等方面有应用前景。本项目拟以铜、银及贵金属纳米颗粒的形成为主要研究对象，同时也考察较活泼金属在类似条件下产生的化学现象。金属材料也对碳材料的形态变化具有影响，本项目也拟对金属-碳复合体中碳材料在加热和辐照条件下的变化研究。

碳基材料在纳米科学领域占有重要的地位，金属和碳的复合材料在传感等领域应用广泛。我们以水热方法得到了一种铜-非晶碳复合体，观察到其中铜纳米颗粒的原位生成，并研究了其电化学传感器性能。具体的，开发了一种抗坏血酸辅助的水热方法，分别得到了含铜碳基微球和铜的草酸盐微米球、草酸碳酸钇粉末等材料；着重研究了含铜碳基微球在热处理和弱、强电子束辐照条件下，铜纳米颗粒的原位形成，并分析了其机理，在铜纳米晶与银离子的置换反应中，观察到了一种螺旋状银纳米带的形成；以热处理得到的铜纳米颗粒-碳微球复合体制备了葡萄糖电化学传感器电极，并研究了其传感性能和形成条件、铜纳米颗粒尺寸等的关系；在纤维-金属离子复合体系热处理中得到了磷酸钛锂纳米线和微米纤维，并研究了其作为锂离子电池电极的性能。