林权改革背景下林农参与森林经营方案编制的行为意愿研究

To make the forest management plan which fit for farmers' willingness is one of the contents of forest tenure reform in China. The suitable management plan would protect stakeholders' interests, enhance the development of forest tenure reform properly, and play the important role in pushing the establishment of modern forestry. The current project will be conducted to investigate the behavior and willingness of household farmers towards participation in the preparation of forest management plan on the pilot sites, and to analysis the influencing factors, accordingly, to improve the ability of participation and develop the participating models. This current project wills analysis the typical counties with forest tenure reform. The methods will be applied in this research include four parts. First, the face to face questionnaire will be conducted in order to investigate the behavior and willingness towards participation in the preparation of forest management plan for household farmers. Secondly, structural equation modeling would be applied to estimate the mechanism and the effect of the driving forces of behavior and willingness towards participation of householders' farmers. Thirdly, a logistic regression model will be developed to estimate the main driving forces of behavior and willingness towards participation. Fourthly, the delphy survey will be requested to discover the effective participation approaches which would improve the ability of participating and improve the existing participating means. The results of this project aim to reflect the intention of farmers as economic subject, the results will guide the farmers to manage forest sustainably and exploit the forest resource reasonably, and finally, the results will also provide scientific evidence and decision-making references for the development of forest management under forest tenure reform in collective forest areas.

编制尊重林农意愿的森林经营方案是集体林产权制度配套改革内容之一，是对林权改革主要利益相关者林农经济利益的保护，是促进和保障林权改革健康有序发展的重要环节。为充分了解林农对森林经营方案编制的行为意愿并深入分析其影响因素，从而提高林农的参与能力和改进参与方式。本项目以林权改革后开展森林经营方案编制试点县村为研究点，通过调研掌握林农对森林经营管理的行为意愿偏好；采用结构方程定量探究影响林农行为意愿偏好的驱动因素及其作用途径；并基于回归分析测算主要驱动因子对林农行为意愿影响的排序；最后结合专家调查法提出提高林农参与能力和改善现有林农参与方式的有效途径和措施。本研究旨在体现广大林农为经济主体的意愿，引导广大林农科学经营和合理开发利用森林资源增加收入，为集体林产权制度改革后配套的森林经营政策和措施制定提供科学依据和决策参考。

集体林权制度改革使林农真正拥有了林地的经营权、使用权及收益权。森林经营方案是森林经营主体为了合理、有序地经营森林，充分发挥森林功能及效益编制的森林培育、保护和利用的中长期规划，是森林经营主体和林业主管部门经营管理森林的重要依据。本项目在集体林权制度改革及配套改革背景下，研究影响农户参与编制森林经营方案意愿的因素，是促进和保障林权改革健康有序发展的重要环节，为更好的落实林权制度配套改革及编制森林经营方案提供建议。本项目根据辽宁、河南、浙江、福建和湖南五省的问卷调查资料，结合林地生产力、样本村的林区基础设施建设、样本农户各类型林地的经营情况、样本农户的林业与种植业的生产要素投入与收入情况及样本农户参与意愿的主要指标进行描述性统计，再进一步利用Logistic模型从户主特征、地理环境、政策变化和经济影响四方面对影响林农参与编制森林经营方案意愿的主要因素进行回归分析。研究结果发现农户林地经营规模与其参与森林经营方案编制意愿呈正相关关系，且不同功能和不同权属的林地经营面积对农户参与森林经营方案编制意愿的影响不同。此外，集体林权制度改革及配套改革措施对样本农户参与森林经营方案编制意愿具有正向影响，包括林地流转和林权抵押贷款等。为了兼顾发挥林业发展的生态效益和经济效益，基于本项目现有研究结果提出政策建议，需要将农户经营林业和森林经营方案编制有机地结合起来，从两方面入手形成动态的相互促进的良性循环。一方面，需要进一步完善和深化集体林权制度配套改革措施，对农户经营林业形成有效激励。另一方面，不断完善和优化现有的森林经营方案编制，在内容编制中更注重实效性，同时将农户等林业经营主体置于更重要的位置，使林业经营主体真正成为编制森林经营方案的获益者。