细鳞鲑HUFA和VE营养生理及其分子调控机理的研究

Fish must gain highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) from feed, but HUFA are unstable because they are easy destructed by the peroxide, vitamin E (VE) can combine with peroxide initiatively and make HUFA not be destroyed. The appropriate proportion of HUFA and VE in feed for Manchurian trout (cold-water fishes), alone and synergy adding influence their nutritional physiology and immunology, are all unclear. The project use Manchurian trout as the research object, adopting the modern nutrition, physiology immunology and molecular nutrition and other methods,study the different levels of HUFA, VE in feed and their cooperation how influence Manchurian trout growth, lipid metabolism, function of physiology and immune and the body fat,and from molecular level clarify two nutrients and their interaction to Manchurian trout immune and antioxidant related gene expression (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) regulation mechanism, and determine the reasonable collocation and appropriate to promote the animals' immune function. Through these studies, we can lay the foundation for cold-water fishes' nutrition physiology and immune molecular control mechanism, also can provide a new approach for development of breeding efficiency for cold-water fishes.

鱼类高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)必须从饲料中获得，但HUFA的双键不稳定，易受过氧化物的破坏，而维生素E(VE)会主动与过氧化物结合，使HUFA不被氧化。HUFA和VE在细鳞鲑(冷水性鱼类)饲料中的适宜配比单独及协同应用对其营养生理和免疫学的影响尚未明确。HUFA和VE适宜配比、单一及协同应用对细鳞鲑(冷水性鱼类)营养生理和免疫学的影响尚未明确。本课题拟以细鳞鲑为研究对象，采用现代营养学、生理学、免疫学和分子营养学等方法，研究饲料中HUFA、VE不同水平及其协同作用对细鳞鲑生长、脂类代谢、生理和免疫功能和体脂肪的影响，阐明两种营养素及其协同作用对细鳞鲑免疫应答和抗氧化相关基因表达(过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶等)的分子调控机理，并确定其合理搭配和适宜添加量来促进动物的免疫机能。通过这些研究，为冷水性鱼类营养与免疫学分子调控机制奠定基础，也为开发细鳞鲑高效人工配合饲料提供新思路。

不同冷水鱼的高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)需求和体内合成能力不同，同时也存在HUFA需求与VE的需求成正相关，因此饲料中添加适宜的HUFA和VE才能满足其生长、促进机体代谢和提高免疫性能，通过这些研究，为冷水性鱼类营养与免疫学分子调控机制奠定基础，也为细鳞鲑配合饲料的研发、应用及其养殖业的发展提供新思路。本项目以我国特有陆封型冷水经济鱼类细鳞鲑为研究对象，结合室内循环水系统和自然泉水养殖试验，初步阐明了不同温度、盐度对细鳞鲑仔、稚、幼鱼生长和存活的影响；探索了细鳞鲑对脂肪、HUFA、VE、及HUFA和VE互作的需求量及其对机体生长、生理和免疫功能的影响；克隆了细鳞鲑FAD6和LPL相关脂肪代谢酶基因和生物学分析及其各组织的表达情况；利用分子营养学和免疫学手段，研究了不同脂肪、HUFA、VE水平对FAD6、LPL脂代谢和免疫相关基因的表达情况。项目实施的完成有助于冷水鱼生理营养和营养免疫学的基础研究和陆封型冷水鱼配合饲料的研制提供依据和技术支持。