单位制影响下中国大城市学区空间生产的特征、机制与后效研究

As a conception of our coinage, Jiaoyufication refers to colonisation of school catchment areas by the professional and managerial classes, which is a social-spatial phenomenon of affluent middle class families displaced lower class members and then changed the original neighborhoods(Wu et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2015). In reality, it involves the purchase of an apartment in the catchment zone of a leading elementary school at an inflated price. Thus, jiaoyufied space becomes a pivotal territory of urbanization, social production of space and human capital reproduction. Nevertheless, jiaoyufied space inevitably is impacted by danwei institutional arrangement in Chinese context. So, danwei plays an important role on the mechanism of production of space and could reveal the process with sinicized urbanization theory. ..In this research proposal, we apply the Lefebvre’s theory of production of space on spatial characteristics, mechanism of process of jiaoyufied space production. Then, using trio-conceptions matrix of Lefebvre(1991), namely, practical space, representation of space and space of representation, and Harvey(2005)’s absolutely space, relative space and relation space to unfold the production of jiaoyufied space. We take Nanjing in coast areas and Kunming in Southwest China as cases to set up our research framework, use multi-resource data and depth interview to reveal: (1) how are the education resources distributed in backdrop of danwei institutional context? (2) how does this social distribution pattern realize the spatial turn in post-reform era? (3) how do we rethink the uneven distribution of education resources between social groups and in geographically? So, we hope this research not only find some pathway of seeking for space justice in education, but also contribute to the understanding of urban transit of China.

城市学区空间是城市化中凝聚、交融空间生产和人力资本再生产的重要场所之一。单位制影响下学区空间再生产机制和过程机理是深化中国特色的城市化理论探求目标之一。以列氏空间生产理论为基石，针对学区空间特征、过程机理，深入解析三元辩证体系下城市学区空间生产内涵，整合哈维与列氏空间概念体系并建构空间概念矩阵；依托列氏空间生产理论，构建单位背景下教育资源分配空间转向学区空间生产与社会再生产研究构架。实证以南京、昆明学区发展演化的政策、多期影像等为数据源，通过实验提取学区地理数据和感知地图，将前述空间转向解构为学区空间矩阵内系列空间生产与演变历程。最终，深化对城市空间生产与社会再生产的理解，理性反思教育资源空间不均衡性，预表教育公平的希望空间、提出相关可付诸实践的空间引导和政策锁定路径。籍此，有利于深化对城市空间生产机理的理解，是研究深层次城市变迁活动问题的一次有益探索，可丰富空间生产理论，并取得创新性成果

单位制度影响下的城市学区空间，是中国城市化进程中融合空间生产和人力资本再生产的重要场所之一，学区空间的产生过程与再生产机理是深化中国特色城市化理论的探求目标之一。本项目基于列斐伏尔的空间生产理论，围绕学区空间特征与过程机理，构建学区空间生产与社会再生产研究构架。主要以南京为案例城市，根据城市学区发展演化的政策、多期影像等数据，通过实地调研提取学区地理数据，深化对城市学区空间的理解，理性反思教育资源空间不均衡性，提出切实可行的空间引导和政策锁定路径。研究发现：学区空间再生产引致的学区绅士化现象，是由教育驱动的城市绅士化现象，追求高质量教育的中产阶层取代了学区内的低收入阶层居民，将以前的蓝领社区变成了白领社区；学生父母放弃潜在的短期收益，追求利用优质教育获取长期利益，在优质学区购买高价学区房，产生文化资本与经济资本的叠加租差，成为推动学区绅士化发生与演化的重要力量；中产阶层为占据优质稀缺教育资源而高价购买学区内的住房，从而实现社会流动或巩固社会地位，使传统的社会等级制度逐渐被新自由主义的代际分层机制所取代，客观上缩小了代际社会流动的机会，加剧了社会两极分化；基于社会公平发展理念，应推动教育资源的空间均等化配置，适当干预学区空间再生产过程，促进教育资源配置的空间正义。学区绅士化过程反映了一种建立在全球化社会变革基础上的社会空间转型，是一种由文化主导和教育驱动的绅士化进程，通过本项目研究，期待深化对城市空间生产机理的理解，丰富“租差”等绅士化理论，并有效指导城市社会空间的均衡化与可持续发展。