航站楼高大空间建筑中辐射地板换热特性与系统调控研究

Large space buildings such as airport terminals are public buildings with special functions. However, the existing all air-systems with nozzle air supply adopted in the large space buildings usually lead to high energy consumptions of the air-conditioning systems and unsatisfactory indoor thermal environment. There are urgent needs on relative basic research for constructing a more reasonable air-conditioning system with high efficiency for the thermal built environment in large space buildings. The heat sources’ features and requirements of thermal environment in the large space buildings are firstly shed light on. Then characteristics of the indoor thermal built environment is investigated with the help of on-site measurement in this project. The discrepancies of different terminals will also be depicted. Radiant cooling method is an effective approach for constructing a stratified indoor thermal environment for the large space buildings and this project will also focus on the basic issues in adopting the radiant panels in this situation. The long-wave radiation heat exchange process between the radiant panel and the internal walls will be analyzed in a meticulous and deep going way as well as the dynamic characteristics of the radiant cooling process. Then a dynamic model combining the radiant panels and the building envelopes will be established. In the end, the overall plan of an optimized air-conditioning system on basis of the radiant panels will be constructed, which could lead to a stratified indoor thermal environment in the large space buildings. The research in this project is helpful to provide an innovative and efficient solution for the air-conditioning systems in the large space buildings. On basis of satisfying indoor thermal comfort, the energy efficiency of the novel stratified air-conditioning system with radiant panels for the large space buildings will be significantly higher than that of the conventional all-air system with nozzle air supply.

航站楼等高大空间建筑是一种特殊类型的公共建筑，现有全空气喷口送风的室内热湿环境营造方式存在能耗偏高、调控效果不佳等局限，迫切需要开展基础理论研究来改善其热湿环境营造过程。本项目从航站楼高大空间室内热湿源特点及营造需求出发，实测与理论结合分析其室内热湿环境特性并揭示关键影响因素，深入刻画不同末端方式的作用效果。辐射地板方式是实现高大空间室内环境分层调控的有效途径，针对其在高大空间应用时需解决的基础问题，将研究辐射末端与室内壁面的长波辐射换热特性、辐射地板动态特性及调控方法，在此基础上建立辐射末端在航站楼高大空间的整体动态特性分析方法，并提出基于辐射地板的高大空间分层空调系统优化方案。本项目将建立航站楼高大空间热湿环境营造的基本分析方法，为工程设计、系统运行提供理论指导；借助辐射地板等方式实现热湿环境的有效调控，在满足室内热湿环境营造需求的基础上，比常规喷口送风方式大幅降低运行能耗。

航站楼等高大空间建筑是一种特殊类型的公共建筑，现有全空气喷口送风的室内热湿环境营造方式存在能耗偏高、调控效果不佳等局限，迫切需要开展基础理论研究来改善其热湿环境营造过程。本项目旨在从航站楼高大空间室内热湿源特点及营造需求出发，实测与理论结合分析其室内热湿环境特性并揭示关键影响因素，深入刻画不同末端方式的作用效果。主要研究内容及进展包括：1）通过深入分析国内20余座典型机场航站楼等高大空间交通建筑的实地测试数据，提出了以降低能耗为目的的高大空间热湿环境控制原则，揭示了其中暖通空调系统的作用机理，并应用上述理论研究结果，建立典型航站楼高大空间渗透风的简化计算模型，可用于分析不同措施的渗透风削减效果及相应的供暖节能潜力，为实际工程提供了量化分析冬季渗透风及其影响的工具；2）详细分析了辐射末端表面温度、供冷供热量、表面均匀性等计算方法，给出了辐射末端热阻的计算方法及对应的稳态换热分析方法，详细分析了长波辐射换热量的计算要点，针对冷热媒温度变化、空气温度变化、太阳辐射照射等因素造成的辐射板供冷供热特性变化进行了分析，得到了精准计算辐射末端太阳辐射负荷的方法；3）基于前述研究，建立了辐射末端在航站楼高大空间的整体动态特性分析方法，并提出了基于辐射地板的高大空间分层空调系统优化方案，利用辐射地板构建出适宜的分层空调系统形式，大幅降低高大空间室内热湿环境营造过程的能源消耗。.本项目建立了从室内末端出发的高大空间建筑室内热湿环境分析方法，阐明了影响此类场合热环境的主要因素，并基于高大空间热湿环境特性和辐射地板理论研究，提出了高大空间分层空调系统整体解决方案，实现了比现有全空气系统大幅节能的目标。研究圆满完成了各项预期目标，共发表SCI检索论文12篇，发表会议论文1篇，授权发明专利1项，出版学术著作1部，参编辐射和航站楼相关标准4部，培养研究生5人，其中博士研究生4人。