中国古城防内涝的智慧和经验研究

The urban waterlogging after rainstorm tends towards deteriorate in recent years and it becoming important issue how to harness urban waterlogging. China’s cities of six thousand years history embody extraordinary wisdom and accumulate a wealth experience on prevention of urban waterlogging, including following aspects: city site selection, flood adaptive measures in cities of Sijiang River valley, and constructing urban canal system according to it’s environment. The urban canal system was called as “the blood circulation of city” in ancient China, it functioning in ten ways, of them flood drainage and flood storage being most important to waterlogging prevention. This project research on above-mentioned three aspects but the focal point being the research on urban canal aystem. The wisdom and experiences of urban canal system against waterlogging are of great value as references for urban inundation control and sponge city construction of today. The objective of this project is to achieve a plan to build modern urban canal system with China’s features. This project is to study by the ways of theories of systematicness, intersection of muli-subjects and comparison studies. The features of the project is to combine the study with cultivation of post graduates. This project brings forth new ideas as using the approach of intersection with multi-subjects.

近年我国城市暴雨后内涝灾害趋于严重，治理城市内涝灾害成为重要问题。中国古城出现已有六千年历史，在防内涝方面有着非凡的智慧，并积累了丰富的经验，包括城市选址防洪涝的智慧和经验，西江流域城市的适洪措施，以及因地制宜营建城市水系的智慧和经验。城市水系是古城的血脉，其十大功用中之排水排洪和调蓄洪水对防止城市内涝灾害至关重要。本项目研究的内容包括古城选址防洪涝的智慧和经验，西江城市的适洪经验和因地制宜建设城市水系的智慧和经验等，城市水系防内涝的研究为本项目之重点。城市水系防内涝的智慧和经验对防涝灾具有重要的价值，也可为城市防涝、海绵城市的建设提供借鉴。本项目的目标是提出建设具有中国特色的现代城市水系的构想。本项目的研究运用系统论、多科学交叉、比较等方法。将国家自然科学基金项目的研究与培养博士生结合起来，是本项目的特色。多科学交叉为本项目的创新之处。

本项目为中国古城防内涝的智慧和经验研究.中国古城防内涝的智慧和经验有两个方面：城市选址是城市规划中考虑防洪涝的战略性先决条件，需按照地形地貌实际“择高避洼”进行城市空间布局；中国古城最重要的防止暴雨后内涝的经验，是建设一个完善的城市水系：水系自身必须有足够强的调蓄能力，行洪河道必须有足够大的密度和行洪断面，城市最低洼的地区应成为城市水系的调蓄雨洪之地，必须十分重视城市水系的管理。借古鉴今，当前城市洪涝灾害的防范与防治已成为我国社会发展的重要议题。在充分研究分析2021年郑州 “ 7.20 ” 城市内涝灾害，2022年珠江流域北江“22.6”特大洪水中干流沿岸韶关、英德、清远的城市洪涝灾害的灾情与成因的基础上，提出当前城市洪涝灾害的系统防范与防治方案：构建以城市水系为主导的流域整体防涝策略，即推动建设流域“大海绵系统”；树立建设“韧性城市”的防灾理念；逐步完善城市洪涝应急管理系统。