民族旅游地区当地居民家的空间生产与重构机制研究

With the rapid development of the ethnic tourism, many local minority residents of ethnic tourism destination gradually give up their production methods and means of production driven by economic interests of the ethnic tourism, and use the space of their home for the tourism hospitality. The result will inevitably lead to the reconstruction of traditional production function and spatial layout of local residents’s home space. The "production of space" theory，as a new theoretical tool, is increasingly being recognized and applied by more and more Chinese scholars. But the introduction of "production of space" theory in domestic researches is focused on large-scale macro space and "super- urban scale" space research, the study of the microscopic space is relatively scarce. To study the microscopic space will be better to explore and reveal the phenomena of social relations and power in the process of interaction between human and space, which can play an important macro perspective complementary role. This research project, based on a multidisciplinary perspective of tourism geography, cultural geography , tourism sociology, taking the Yulong County and Ninglang County, Lijiang, Yunnan as the case, tries to focus on the core issue of the production of space and remodeling of space of local residents "home" in ethnic tourist areas under the guide of the theory of “production of space”, drawing on international mainstream human geography research paradigm, and finally aims to build and validate space tourist areas of national production and local residents of the home space reconstruction and theoretical research framework structure and exchange of interests between the local people and tourists of power. In a practical sense, this study can not only provide strategic proposal to make better use of space, control the interaction between space and power, and inherit the traditional ethnic culture for the local residents in the ethnic tourism area while operating commercial families, but also provide policy information for the communities to take part in tourism development under the background of rapid ethnic tourism development in the minority regions of China. And in a theoretical sense, this research will further promote the development and application of the theory of production space, and can compensate for lack of tourism geography and sociology of tourism in space research.

随着民族旅游的迅猛发展，许多民族旅游地的当地少数民族居民在民族旅游的经济利益驱使下，逐渐放弃原有的生产方式和生产资料，利用其家的空间从事旅游接待，其结果必然会导致当地居民家空间的传统生产功能和空间布局发生重构。尽管空间生产理论愈来愈受到中国学者的认同和运用，但已有研究主要集中在宏观空间即城市空间和“超城市尺度”空间，对微观空间的研究则相对缺乏。本项目立足于旅游地理学、文化地理学、旅游社会学等多学科视角，以空间生产理论为指导，借鉴国际主流人文地理学研究范式，以云南丽江玉龙县与宁蒗县作为案例地，围绕民族旅游地区当地居民“家”的空间生产与重构机制这一核心问题，构建民族旅游地区当地居民家的空间生产和空间重构与主客权力结构和利益交换之间的理论研究架构。本项目将进一步推动我国空间生产理论的发展与应用，同时可以弥补旅游地理学与旅游社会学在空间研究方面的不足。

随着民族旅游的迅猛发展，许多民族旅游地区的当地少数民族居民在民族旅游的经济利益驱使下，特别是有着地理优势和空间优势的居民，逐渐放弃原有的生产方式和生产资料，倾向于改造自家空间以便从事旅游接待，其结果必然会导致当地居民家空间的传统生产功能和空间布局发生重构。尽管空间生产理论愈来愈受到中国学者的认同和运用，但已有研究主要集中在宏观空间即城市空间和“超城市尺度”空间，对微观空间的研究则相对缺乏。本项目立足于旅游地理学、文化地理学、家的地理学与旅游社会学等多学科视角，以云南丽江白沙古镇与大理双廊镇、喜洲镇作为案例地，围绕民族旅游地区当地居民“家”的空间生产与重构机制这一核心问题，构建了民族旅游地区当地居民家的空间生产和重构与主客权力结构-利益交换之间的理论研究架构。具体研究内容有：（1）旅游接待背景下当地居民家的空间演化形式。研究发现，当地居民家的空间演化包括从居住到商业空间的功能演化、从私人到公共空间的属性演化和从单一到复合空间的形态演化。（2）当地居民家的空间重构的具体表现及其空间冲突。本研究指出，家的空间重构主要体现在空间格局的重构、空间生产的重构、空间文化的重构和空间意义的重构。家空间重构导致主客之间存在三种空间冲突：第一种体现在情感和利润上；第二种体现在休闲与劳作上；第三种体现在闯入和窥探上。（3）旅游驱动的家空间重构对当地居民的影响。研究发现：家空间重构给家主人带来的影响分为四个方面，即：生产与生活方式、文化的传承和弘扬、家的社会意义与家庭成员之间的情感交流。（4）主客利益交换及权力结构在家的空间重构中的作用机制。研究发现，由于主客互动发生在由当地少数民族居民所熟悉和掌控的特定空间中，当地居民因扮演着“主人”和特定文化“圈内人”的角色而控制着主客互动的过程，从而使得他们拥有主导性权力。当地居民在家空间重构与空间管制中拥有较强的话语权和决定权。本项目进一步推动了我国空间生产理论的发展与应用，同时弥补了人文地理学在微观尺度与旅游社会学在空间研究方面的不足。