蔷薇科石楠属和火棘属及其近缘类群的分类学修订

The genera of Photinia Lindl. and Pyracantha Roem. in Rosaceae were proved to be having the closest relationship according to the molecular phylogenetic data in recent studies. The Photinia usually divided into three small genera by different scholars according to different standards including Photinia, Pourthiaea and Stranvaesia, is an East Asian (China, Indo-China Peninsula, India, Himalaya,Japan）-- Mexico disjunct distribution genus with about 60-65 species in the world, which 50-54 species were recorded in China and 7-9 species in Mexico. There are ten species in the genus Pyracantha with nine species recorded in China and one in Europe. Both Photinia and Pyracantha had a large morphological variation resulted in a great controversy on the division of the species. The extent collection will be made for the species of two genera, especially for the difficult species and complex populations. In this project, four main aspects will be discussed and resolved based on the methods and theory of micromorphology, palynology, cytology and molecular systematics. Firstly, revealing the taxonomic characters and its variability and accomplishing the classical taxonomic revision and the geographical distribution area revision; Secondly, discussing the differentiation and status of difficult species and complex populations by the micromorphological, palynological, cytological characters; thirdly, clarifying the status of the taxonomic taxa in Mexico; fourthly, improving the phylogeny research and determining the section, series and interspecific relationship among the species, then to establish a new classification system for the two genera.

近年分子系统学研究表明蔷薇科石楠属(Photinia Lindl.)和火棘属(Pyracantha Roem.)具有最近的亲缘关系。石楠属全球共60-65种，为东亚(中国、中南半岛、印度、喜马拉雅、日本)--墨西哥间断分布，包括Photinia s.s.、Pourthiaea和Stranvaesia；中国约54种，墨西哥7-9种。火棘属7-10种，中国9种，欧洲1种。该2属形态变异大，分类处理难。本项目拟对两属以及各疑难类群、复合群，广泛采集，利用微形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、分子系统学（用nrITS、PEPC、trnL-trnF、psbA-trnH、trnG-trnS基因）等方法，一揭示主要分类性状及其变异规律，完成经典分类学、地理分布区修订；二探讨疑难类群的微形态学、细胞学、孢粉学等特征；三阐明墨西哥分类群的地位；四完善系统演化研究，确定组、系及种间种下关系，建立两属新的分类系统。

在世界范围内，收集了相关文献和模式标本，包括石楠属Photinia 238个名称、红果树属Stranvaesia 33个名称、火棘属Pyracantha 30个名称，近缘属Heteromeles 5个名称等，查阅了世界主要植物标本馆相关标本3000多号。利用1个核基因片段PepC和3个叶绿体基因片段trnG-trnS、trnL-trnF和 psbA-trnH对石楠属、红果树属、Heteromeles及其近缘类群进行系统发育重建，结合叶表皮微形态、细胞学和孢粉学，进行修订研究。确认全球石楠属含21种4变种，红果树属含1种，火棘属含6种。（1）发表修订论文6篇，包括分类学国际排名第一的期刊Taxon；完成博士论文2篇，为石楠属修订，火棘属修订(均已投稿)。其它论文2篇。（2）将火棘属Pyracantha划分为1个复合体和5个种。对种间界限进行了修订，确定了各物种的正确名称。（3）对红果树属Stranvaesia进行了系统修订，印缅红果树S. nussia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Decne.、滇南红果树S. oblanceolata (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Stapf与贵州石楠Photinia bodinieri Lévl.三个种合并为1个种，即印缅红果树，该种为红果树属内惟一种。（4）发表石楠属新种1个，即柳叶石楠Photinia salicifolia W.B. Liao & W. Guo。（5）提出广义石楠属4个新组合，如Pourthiaea amphidoxa var. amphileia (Hand.-Mazz.) Long Y. Wang, W. Guo & W.B. Liao, 等。（6）不支持建立Heteromeles属；提出18个新异名，如Heteromeles arbutifolia var. cerina (Jeps.) (Jeps.) A.E. Murray, 等。（7）为12个物种名称指定候选模式，分别为：Photinia undulata var. formosana Cardot, Ph. notoniana var. ceylanica Hook. f., 等。（8）接受、核准墨西哥石楠（Liu et al. 2019)属于一新属Phippsiomeles。