Microsporidia are a large group of eukaryotic, obligate intracellular fungi, which can infect various hosts including insects,fish and human beings. The invasion mechanism of Microsporidia is very unique in nature. Under appropriate environmental stimulation in intestine, the spores’ polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces into the intestine cell, and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the host cell. However, the regulation mechanism of polar tube extrusion remains to be determined as one of the most important scientific questions in Microsporidia. Recently, we found that subtilisin-like protease 1 of Nosema bombycis (NbSLP1), the pathogen of silkworm pebrine disease, located at the budding position of germinated spores, and the germination rate could be inhibited by subtilisin inhibitor PMSF significantly. Coincidentally, the NbSLP1 potential substrate anchoring disk complex protein SWP16 just locates at the budding position. According to our findings, we hypothesized that NbSLP1 hydrolyzing the anchoring disk complex protein contributes to the hole formation on the apical of the spore for the polar tube extrusion in the germination process. Through the substrate screening, protein interaction and three dimensional analysis, we mainly focus on the identification of the substrates of NbSLP1 in N. bombycis, and clarification of the roles of NbSLP1 in regulating the polar tube extrusion process, our work will establish the foundation to discover invasion mechanisms of Microsporidia, the scientific question for more than one hundred years.
微孢子虫(Microsporidia)是一类专性细胞内寄生的单细胞真菌, 可感染昆虫、鱼类和人类等,家蚕微粒子虫是第一种被鉴定的微孢子虫。微孢子虫侵染宿主的机制在自然界十分独特,是通过极管弹出方式刺入宿主肠道细胞,将原生质体沿极管注入宿主细胞内,完成感染,但极管弹出过程的分子调控机制至今未得到解析,是微孢子虫学界的重大科学问题。我们前期研究发现,家蚕微粒子虫类枯草杆菌蛋白酶1(NbSLP1)恰恰定位于孢子的极管弹出位置,其抑制剂PMSF可显著抑制微孢子虫极管弹出率,其潜在的底物孢壁蛋白16(SWP16)也位于极管弹出的开口位置,我们推测NbSLP1可能通过水解SWP16,打开了极管弹出的孔道。本项目拟通过底物鉴定、蛋白互作、结构解析等方法,重点鉴定NbSLP1底物以及该底物蛋白的互作网络,验证以SLP1水解底物蛋白为核心的极管弹出调控假说,本研究对阐明微孢子虫的侵染机制具有重要意义。
微孢子虫(Microsporidia)是一类专性细胞内寄生的单细胞微生物,可感染昆虫、鱼类和人类等,家蚕微粒子虫(Nosema bombycis)是第一种被分离鉴定的微孢子虫,感染家蚕引起家蚕微粒子病且能垂直传播给子代,严重威胁养蚕业的健康发展。微孢子虫侵染宿主的机制十分独特,是通过极管弹出方式刺入宿主细胞,将原生质体输送到宿主细胞内,完成侵染过程。但极管弹出过程的具体分子机制目前仍不清楚,前期研究发现在家蚕微粒子虫类枯草杆菌蛋白酶NbSLP1定位于孢子锚定盘区域,其抑制剂PMSF处理后会抑制极管弹出,推测NbSLP1与极管弹出密切相关。本研究中,首先对NbSLP1定位特征分析,互作蛋白筛选与孢壁蛋白和极管蛋白存在相互作用,体外纯化表达NbSLP1蛋白与孢子孵育后发芽分析,验证了NbSLP1与极管弹出密切相关;NbSLP1自激活和自剪切位点发现其剪切分别发生在D105位和D125位,且D105位的自剪切可以促进D125位的自剪切。分析了NbSLP1底物自剪切基序偏好性分析为R-X-K-R/R-X-R-R,对家蚕微粒子虫蛋白数据库检索分析,发现NbSWP16可能为其潜在底物,经定位特征分析、互作验证及酶解实验验证NbSWP16为NbSLP1的底物。NbSWP16在微孢子虫进化过程中比较保守,主要定位于锚定盘区域,分析发现NbSWP16不仅与NbSLP1互作,还与NbSWP1\3\5\6、NbSeptin2和极管蛋白NbPTP2存在相互作用,并且其能与孢壁几丁质和原生质膜磷脂酸结合,起到组装和稳定孢壁功能。研究还发现NbSeptin2能够与NbSLP1的Prodomain结构域相互作用,对NbSLP1发挥稳定作用;另外研究发现NbSLP2具有分泌性,定位于孢壁,与NbSeptin2存在相互作用,体外表达证明其是一种具有Ca2+依赖性的蛋白酶。因此,本项目初步阐明了NbSLP1的成熟过程,其通过酶解锚定盘区域核心蛋白NbSWP16,打开极管弹出的孔道,调控极管弹出。本研究成果为全面阐明微孢子虫的极管弹出的分子机制奠定了重要基础。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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