高速列车复杂车轮型面的振动行为分析与自适应卷稀疏编码理论研究

Against the relationships between the vibrations induced by the complex wheel profiles and the associated wheel-profile condition when the complex wheel profiles exist in the high-speed vehicle-rail system, the forward behavior analysis and the inverse extraction of the vibrations induced by the complex wheel profiles are investigated through the combination of the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, signal processing and physical tests. The dynamic interaction mechanisms of the high-speed vehicle-rail system which has the complex wheel profiles, are ascertained. The dynamic interaction model and the corresponding solving methods are constructed. The behavior of the vibrations induced by certain a complex wheel profile or the superposition over the different types of the complex wheel profiles are analysed. The representation model of the vibrations induced by the complex wheel profiles are studied. The convolution sparse coding theory-related parameters are estimated. The adaptive convolution sparse coding theory for extracting the intrinsic vibration of complex wheel profiles is developed. Both forward behavior analysis and the inverse extraction is used to realize the correlation between the wheel-profile type, profile condition and the vibrations caused by the associated complex wheel profiles. The researches will not only provide scientific method and lay the theoretical foundation on security monitoring and state maintenance of wheel-rail interface but also have important theoretical values, good social and application prospects.

本课题针对轴箱振动与复杂车轮型面状态的关联关系，围绕正向分析复杂车轮型面的振动行为，反向提取复杂车轮型面的本质振动，采用理论分析、数值模拟、信号处理、实物试验相结合的研究方法，探明存在复杂车轮型面的高速车辆-轨道系统的动态相互作用机制，建立存在复杂车轮型面的高速车辆-轨道系统的动态相互作用模型和发展模型的计算求解方法，正向预测复杂车轮型面的振动行为。建立复杂车轮型面诱发振动的信号描述模型，发展卷稀疏编码理论相关参数的估计方法，进而构建复杂车轮型面本质振动提取的自适应卷稀疏编码理论，反向提取复杂车轮型面的本质振动。实现复杂车轮型面的型面状态与提取本质振动的对应与关联。其研究成果为我国高速列车轮轨界面的安全监测、状态维修提供科学方法和奠定坚实的理论基础，具有重要理论意义、社会效益和广泛的应用前景。

轮对轴承系统的故障信号是一种强干扰与噪声背景下的多源、强非线性、强非平稳 、旋转移不变与旋转移变共存、稀疏、不同冲击密度的中高频振动信号，采用理论分析、数值计算、信号处理、实物试验相结合的研究方法，以理论分析为核心，以数值计算、信号处理、复杂车轮型面的实物试验为研究手段，建立存在复杂车轮型面的高速车辆-轨道系统的动态相互作用模型，通过台架试验数据、线路试验数据完善理论与模型，进而详细分析单一复杂车轮型面和复杂车轮型面叠加的振动行为，实现轮对轴承系统振动特性的定量描述。建立描述复杂车轮型面诱发振动的信号描述模型和编码模型，应用编码模型对实测振动信号进行振动编码，得到反映型面状态的型面本质振动信号，从而建立复杂车轮型面与监测振动的关联关系，并应用理论分析数据和实测数据对编码理论、编码模型进行验证。项目研究建立了故障频带隔离的信号分解方法和模型，故障频带相互交叉的信号分解方法和模型，故障频带完全包含的信号分解方法和模型，单故障信号移变冲击强度和移不变本质振动的卷稀疏编码模型，单一故障的循环结构字典的稀疏编码模型，显著提升算法的实时性。围绕列车运行条件下轮对轴承系统的振动特性定量分析研究、诊断方法的发展而开展，其研究成果有利促进了列车走行部诊断技术的发展，为保障列车的运行安全和状态维护提供了技术支撑。