高速列车运行条件下轮对轴承的故障行为分析与表征方法研究

Against special service environments under high-speed trains operating conditions, the failure behavior analysis and fault characterization were studied in combination of theoretical analysis, numerical computation, feature extraction and physical tests. The dynamic interaction mechanisms and vibration relationship among wheelset, bearings, axlebox and suspension were ascertained. The dynamic interaction model and the corresponding solving methods were constructed. The failure behaviors in the type of defects, wear, lubrication failure are analyzed through the dynamic interaction model. The adaptability between the characterization methods and vibration signal of the wheelset bearing was improved through the control study of end effect of EMD(empirical mode decomposition), the determining method study of decomposition views, the preferred criteria study of decomposition modes. The transient characteristics ,such as instantaneous frequency, instantaneous amplitude and Hilbert spectrum, are computed through Normalized Hilbert transform or direct quadrature method to characterize wheelset bearing fault features in a single or composite failure mode. The subject of the study can more objectively and realistically analyze failure behavior and failure characteristics of wheelset bearing under the running conditions of high-speed train. The researches will lay the theoretical foundation on security monitoring and state maintenance of wheelset bearings and have good social and application prospects.

本课题针对高速列车运行条件下轮对轴承的特殊服役环境，围绕高速列车实际运行条件下轴承的故障行为分析和故障特征表征，采用理论分析、数值计算、特征提取、实物试验相结合的方法，探明轮对-轴承-轴箱-悬挂的动态相互作用机制和振动关系，建立轮对-轴承-轴箱-悬挂的动态相互作用模型以及模型的计算求解方法，分析轮对轴承缺陷型、磨损型、润滑失效型故障在高速列车实际运行条件下的故障行为规律。研究EMD端点效应的控制方法、分解次数的确定方法和分解模式的优选准则，提高表征方法与轮对轴承振动信号的适应性，研究归一化Hilbert变换或直接正交法提取分解模式的瞬时频率、瞬时幅值、Hilbert谱等瞬时特征，应用瞬时特征表征轮对轴承在单一、复合故障模式下的故障特征。本课题的研究能较为客观真实地分析高速列车运行条件下轮对轴承的故障行为和故障特征，为轮对轴承的安全监测和状态维修奠定理论基础，具有良好的社会效益和应用前景。

本课题针对高速列车运行条件下轮对轴承的特殊服役环境，围绕高速列车实际运行条件下 轴承的故障行为分析和故障特征表征，采用理论分析、数值计算、特征提取、实物试验相 结合的方法，研究了轮对-轴承 -轴箱-悬挂的动态相互作用模型以及模型的计算求解方法, 分析了轴承缺陷的力学行为，开展轴承故障的动态模拟试验.提出了轴承故障诱发脉冲的信号描述模型，提出了基于二代小波变换与奇异值相结合的轴承故障诊断方法和模型，提出了基于经验模式分解与奇异值相结合的轴承故障诊断方法和模型，提出了卷稀疏描述的轴承故障诊断方法和模型本 课题的研究能较为客观真实地分析高速列车运行条件下轮对轴承的故障行为和故障特征， 为轮对轴承的安全监测和状态维修奠定理论基础，具有良好的社会效益和应用前景。