高速列车轮轨型面匹配与蛇行运动机理研究

Hunting instability sometimes appears in the operations of high speed EMUs in China, which causes lateral acceleration alarm of the bogie and abnormal vibration of the carbody. The main reason is that the wheel-rail profile wear, especially the concentrated wheel tread wear lead to unreasonable wheel-rail matching relationship. The mechanism of hunting motion and the related evaluation criteria for high speed trains need further study. Based on the long-term tracking dynamic test data of high speed EMUs on line operation,and applying the methods of dynamic simulation, roller rig test and wheel-rail wear test, this project carries out the extensive studies on hunting motion mechanism by considering the wheel tread wear and wheel-rail profile matching for high-speed trains. In order to obtain the range of wheel profile and wheel-rail match parameters to avoid or control the unstablehunting motions, the wear prediction and wear evaluation method of wheel profile based on the line test data, and the impact of strong nonlinear wheel-rail matching after wheel tread wear on hunting motions of high-speed trains are deeply studied. The hunting mechanism and safety evaluation method of high speed train is researched. Enough samples of wheel-rail matching are obtained to study the hunting mechanism and optimize the wheel-rail matching through generating wheel profiles with reasonable wheel-rail relationship, and the wheel profile wear of high speed train is predicted. Finally, the optimization methods for wheel-rail matching and vehicle suspension parameters of high speed train are given in order to maintain enough hunting stability for the high speed train in the whole service life.

我国高速动车组运营中,蛇行运动时有出现，引起转向架横向加速度报警和车体异常振动。主要原因是轮轨型面磨耗，尤其是车轮踏面集中磨耗，引起轮轨关系匹配不合理。高速列车蛇行运动机理及相关评判准则有待深入的研究。本项目以高速动车组运营跟踪动力学测试数据为基础，以动力学仿真、滚动振动试验台和轮轨摩擦磨损试验台试验为手段，将蛇行运动机理、车轮踏面磨耗和轮轨型面匹配有机结合开展研究。深入开展基于高速列车实测数据的车轮型面磨耗预测和评价方法及踏面磨耗后轮轨匹配强非线性对蛇行运动影响的研究，为控制或避免蛇行失稳提供车轮型面及轮轨匹配参数的范围。研究高速列车蛇行运动机理及安全性评价方法。通过合理的轮轨匹配关系生成车轮踏面、预测车轮踏面磨耗，获取足够的轮轨匹配样本，用于蛇行运动机理和轮轨型面匹配优化研究。提出高速列车轮轨型面和悬挂参数匹配方法，保证高速列车在整个服役过程中具有足够的蛇行运动稳定性。

轮轨型面匹配和蛇行运动稳定性是高速列车关键动力学问题，也是我国高速列车运营中许多动力学现象的根源，涉及到车轮型面磨耗、转向架悬挂参数、运营边界条件等众多因素。本项目通过理论分析、数值仿真、搭载台架试验和线路跟踪测试，获取了大量的数据和规律。发展了一种考虑随机因素的高速列车动力学分析方法，使我国的高速列车动力学仿真与线路运营更加接近；通过将仿真和试验紧密结合，使动力学建模、仿真分析水平上了一个新台阶。掌握了我国高速列车车轮型面磨耗演变规律、轮轨匹配关系特征和变化范围。深入研究了高速列车蛇行运动机理，掌握了高速列车蛇行运动特征、机理和动态演变规律、运营中的表现及危害。提出了踏面反向设计方法，参与完成了LMB踏面的研制和试验，已广泛应用于复兴号动车组。掌握了提高蛇行运动稳定性的转向架悬挂参数、轮轨匹配综合设计方法。这些成果直接应用到了我国新型高速列车动力学优化、既有高速列车动力学维护中，取得了良好的效果。总之，本项目完成了任务书设定的研究任务和研究目标，解决了我国高速列车部分动力学关键问题，取得了良好的工程应用价值。