中药枳壳“道地性”研究

Fructus aurantii（Zhike） is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It originates from the Rutaceae plant Citrus aurantium L. and it’s cultivated varieties of dried immature fruits. It is mainly produced in Jiangxi, Sichuan（Chongqing）, Hunan，Zhejiang and other places. Fructus aurantii mainly contains flavonoid glycosides and alkaloids and other active ingredients. Chemical composition is the material basis for the biological effects of traditional Chinese medicine. The content of active components and the ratio between the composition groups were closely related to the original plant species, the climate, the ecological environment, the harvest time and the processing of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.The best combination of multiple components determines its best therapeutic effect in traditional Chinese medicine. Also determine the genuineness of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.This subjust is based on the clinical use of Chinese medicineas a guide.Using Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Chongqing and other places of production of Fructus aurantii for the experimental materials.Based on the correlation of mixture design and efficacy test results.To find the best compatibility ratio between the active ingredient group in Fructus aurantii. As a standard, clustering analysis and determination of active ingredient group in Jiangxi District of different harvest time of Fructus aurantii samples and Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Chongqing and other main producing areas of Fructus aurantii. In order to find out the best and effective component group compatibility proportion is close to that of the samples, so as to achieve clear production area of the best harvest time of Fructus aurantii, and expounds the genuineness of the purpose of Zhike.

枳壳为中医临床常用药，其来源于芸香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.及其栽培变种的干燥未成熟果实，其主要分布于江西、四川（重庆）、湖南和浙江等地，主要含有黄酮苷及生物碱类等活性成分。化学成分是中药产生生物效应的物质基础，活性成分含量及成分群之间的配比又与药材原植物种类、药材产地的气候、生态环境、采收时间、药材的炮制加工等密切相关。中药中所含多组分最佳配伍决定其在中医临床的最佳疗效，也决定药材的优劣，同时也是药材道地性的表现。本课题以中医临床用药为指导，以枳壳主产地生产的药材为研究对象，采用混料设计与药效试验结果相关联的方法，找寻枳壳中活性成分群之间的最佳配伍配比，以最佳配伍配比结果为标准，与枳壳主产区的不同采收期样品及枳壳中活性成分群的含量测定结果进行聚类分析，以期找出与最佳药效成分群配伍配比结果相近的样品，从而达到明确枳壳主产区的最佳采收时间，并阐述枳壳的道地性的目的。

枳壳为芸香科植物酸橙及其栽培变种的干燥未成熟果实，其主要分布于江西、四川（重庆）、湖南和浙江等地，主要含有黄酮苷、多糖等活性成分。化学成分是中药产生生物效应的物质基础，活性成分含量及成分群之间的配比又与药材原植物种类、药材产地的气候、生态环境、采收时间、药材的炮制加工等密切相关。中药中所含多组分最佳配伍决定其在中医临床的最佳疗效，也决定药材的优劣，同时也是药材道地性的表现。.课题以中医临床用药为指导，收集枳壳主产地生产的药材为研究对象，对其所含单体成分分别进行动物离体组织和整体动物实验，找寻枳壳主要活性成分，结果表明枳壳含有活性物质群，主要是：新橙皮苷、橙皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷和多糖等。采用多元统计分析结合枳壳主产区药材质量，通过离体、在体及模型动物实验筛选出枳壳中活性成分群最佳配伍配比范围。以最佳配伍配比结果为标准，与枳壳主产区的不同采收期样品及枳壳中活性成分群的含量测定结果进行聚类分析，找出与最佳药效成分群配伍配比结果相近的样品，明确枳壳主产区的最佳采收时间，并阐述枳壳道地性的目的：.① 枳壳发挥功效的主要成分为活性成分群，主要是：新橙皮苷、橙皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷和多糖等。.② 枳壳道地药材以传统产区江西为主，江枳壳采收期主要在大暑前后，江西产区大部分药材具有活性成分最佳比例，是有发挥优质疗效的道地产区。基于环境生态因素变化，江西产区存在少量不具备“道地性”的药材，且不是枳壳道地药材唯一来源，其他产区同样存在枳壳道地药材。.课题通过对枳壳活性成分群的筛选及最佳配伍配比范围研究，从而达到明确枳壳主产区的最佳采收时间，并阐述枳壳的道地性的目的。基于活性成分群最佳配伍配比范围指导枳壳药材分类，丰富枳壳道地药材评价内涵。