机械仿生超双疏材料制造及高效防污净化应用

In the past billions of years, some natural creatures continued to survive and some died, which were not suitable of the change of nature. Meanwhile, all the creatures have their respective characteristics to adapt to the environment. For all the mechanical surfaces, their surface contamination is one of the core problems based on the modern technologies, which should be solved urgently. So, figuring out the mechanical surface behaviors and fabricating superamphiphobic surfaces with anti-fouling property are very important and imperative for solving mechanical surface contamination, especially for marine adhesion fouling and water resource purification. To this end, some metals and engineering polymers are chosen as the research objectives in this project, and the related bionic robust and stable superamphiphobic surfaces with diverse micro-structures based on the above substrates are fabricated by virtue of various methods, such as spraying, PVD, CVD, chemical etching, laser etching, etc. Their corresponding surface micro-structures, surface mechanical and surface wetting are measured by means of SEM, tribological tester and contact angle tester, respectively, and the relationship among them are also discussed to discover the role law among each factor, and to establish wetting mathematic model based three-phase contact lines. Based on the above, some new kinds of superamphiphobic surfaces (for both polar and non-polar liquids) with special micro-structure and mechanical properties are fabricated again, which will be tested with anti-fouling property and water resource purification property, and these fabricated materials will be applied in marine antifouling, degraded water purification, and tribology fields finally. The successful implementation of this project will provide the theoretical and practical guidance for antifouling of mechanical surfaces, water resource purification.

几十亿年来，为了生存和发展，生物都具有各自的特点来适应环境。在机械表界面行为中，机械表面污染是以表面或界面为基础的现代技术亟需克服的核心问题之一。研究和揭示机械表面污染行为，制备出具有防污的超双疏材料是解决机械表面污染重要手段。本项目以金属和工程聚合物材料为研究对象，通过结构化和功能化处理，制造出具有超强、稳定的仿生超双疏工程材料表面，探讨表面微观结构、力学性能、润湿性能等影响因素之间的对应关系，分析温度、液滴的极性、大小、环境介质等影响因素对润湿行为的作用规律，建立超双疏数学模型，揭示超双疏材料形成的作用机理。在此基础上，设计构筑具有特殊微观结构且力学性能强的超双疏涂层，研究极性和非极性液滴与材料表面的相互作用关系，实现这些涂层在海洋防污、污损水资源化、摩擦领域的应用。本项目的成功实施为机械表面防污、污损水资源化利用提供了一定的理论支持和实际指导，具有非常重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。

众所周知，机械表面污染是众多以表面或界面为基础的现代技术亟需克服的核心问题之一，其中船舰等机械表面的海洋生物污损比起腐蚀来说是一个更麻烦更复杂的问题，污损生物生命力之坚韧，将使污损问题成为人类征服海洋的一个难以逾越的屏障。因此寻找新材料和新技术以应对机械表面污染也就成为了近年来机械表面与界面行为研究中的一个热点。为此，本项目以金属和工程聚合物材料为研究对象，通过结构化和功能化处理，制造出具有超强、稳定的仿生超双疏工程材料表面，探讨表面微观结构、力学性能、润湿性能等影响因素之间的对应关系，分析温度、液滴的极性、大小、环境介质等影响因素对润湿行为的作用规律，建立了超双疏数学模型，揭示了超双疏材料形成的作用机理。在此基础上，设计构筑了具有特殊微观结构且力学性能强的超双疏涂层，研究了极性和非极性液滴与材料表面的相互作用关系，实现了这些涂层在海洋防污、污损水资源化、摩擦领域的应用。在此项目的支持下，课题组在过去5年共计发表相关的学术论文160余篇，出版中英文专著各一部，申请国家发明专利50余件，其中授权30余件；获得甘肃省自然科学一等奖1项和机械工业科学技术发明二等奖1项（均排名第一）；参加国内外学术国内30余次，其中做邀请报告10余次；培养5名博士研究生和20名硕士研究生，其中有15名研究生获得国家研究生奖学金，1人获得中科院院长特别奖，1人获得中科院院长优秀奖。