Cancer stem cell has the ablility to initiate tumor growth and play critical roles in the formation, relaps and metastasis of cancer. Microenvironment emerge to be a key player in the maintenance and regulation of cancer stem cell. Proteinases in the tumor microenvironment promote the carcinogenesis through the selective activation of proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expressed by cancer cells. The surrounding area of tumor not only fills with proteinases but also is the attractive place for cancer stem cell. So the question is what is the relationship between proteinases and cancer stem cell. Our previous study showed that overexpression of PAR2 was observed in colorectal cancer and positively correlated with metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of PAR2 significantly reduced tumoriginecity of cancer cell in vivo. Most importantly, deficiency of PAR2 signaling selectively induced apoptosis in CD133+ population, which is a well-known marker of cancer stem cell. Therefore, the aims of current study are 1)to confirm the correlationship between proteinase-PAR2 signaling and cancer stem cell, 2)to study the mechanisms by which deficiency of PAR2 signaling enhance the apoptosis in CD133+ cancer stem cell and also 3)to study whether PAR2 is a potential anti-cancer target for colorectal carcinoma.
肿瘤干细胞具有重建肿瘤的能力和特性,在肿瘤的发生、复发和转移过程中至关重要。最近研究发现:微环境与肿瘤干细胞的维持和功能密不可分。肿瘤微环境中富集大量的蛋白酶,而其中某些蛋白酶可以选择性地激活蛋白酶活化受体2(PAR2)参与肿瘤的发生发展。癌组织周边是蛋白酶富集的地方,恰巧也是肿瘤干细胞富集的区域,那么蛋白酶是否与肿瘤干细胞有关呢?我们前期研究发现,作为蛋白酶的感受器,PAR2在结肠癌组织中高表达并与转移显著正相关,敲降PAR2显著抑制肿瘤细胞的体内致瘤性。尤为重要的是,干扰PAR2信号通路选择性地诱导CD133+细胞的凋亡(而CD133是已知的肿瘤干细胞标志物之一)。因此,在本项研究中我们将明确蛋白酶-PAR2信号通路与肿瘤干细胞的关系,探讨PAR2信号通路特异性调节肿瘤干细胞调亡的分子机制,及其作为肿瘤治疗干预靶点的可能性。
肿瘤微环境与肿瘤干细胞的维持以及功能均密切相关,肿瘤微环境中大量的蛋白酶可以选择性地激活蛋白酶活化受体2(protease-activated receptor 2,PAR2)参与肿瘤的发生发展。本项研究的目的是:明确PAR2信号通路与肿瘤干细胞的关系,探究PAR2信号通路调节肿瘤干细胞调亡的分子机制及其作为肿瘤治疗靶点的可能性。首先,我们通过体外成球和裸鼠皮下成瘤实验明确了PAR2与结肠肿瘤干性相关,流式分析结果表明敲降PAR2能降低CD133+细胞群的比例并且增加CD133+细胞群的凋亡水平。其次,在分子机制方面,我们利用流式分选技术分别富集CD133+和CD133-细胞群,发现CD133+细胞群中抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xL的蛋白水平显著高于CD133-细胞群。更为重要的是,抑制PAR2信号通路显著降低Bcl-xL的蛋白水平。进一步的研究发现PAR2调控Bcl-xL的泛素-蛋白酶体降解。免疫共沉淀分析表明E3泛素连接酶RNF152通过与Bcl-xL相互作用参与PAR2对Bcl-xL的调控,而且激活PAR2显著抑制RNF152与Bcl-xL的相互作用。最后,在功能方面,干扰PAR2信号通路显著增加结肠癌细胞系对表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, EGFR-TKI)的敏感性。在体内,抑制PAR2信号通路显著增加EGFR-TKI吉非替尼对裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用。综上所述,在本项目的资助下我们首先明确了抑制PAR2信号通路促进CD133+肿瘤干细胞凋亡,进一步明确了PAR2信号通过抑制RNF152与Bcl-xL的结合来抑制Bcl-xL的泛素蛋白酶体降解,从而促进细胞内Bcl-xL蛋白的稳定性,抑制EGFR-TKI诱导的细胞凋亡。鉴于PAR2以及激活PAR2的蛋白酶在肠道微环境中广泛存在,PAR2-RNF152-Bcl-xL信号轴可能是维持Bcl-xL在结直肠癌中高表达的重要机制之一,另外抑制PAR2信号通路可能是克服结直肠癌患者对EGFR-TKI耐药的重要途径之一。..
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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