Large-scale development of saline-alkali wasteland irrigation areas is an important way in the Songnen plain increasing grain yield project. The outlet of farmland drainage and its influence on the water environment of vented area (take Chagan Lake as a typical example) have attracted much attention. This project consider utilizing the regulated and purification function of pre-reservoirs (take Xinmiaopao wetland as an example) on farmland drainage, so as to avoid the ecological security risks of Chagan Lake brought by farmland drainage and protect and restore wetland hydrological and ecological function. Firstly, the water environmental characteristics of Xinmiaopao Wetland is analyzed through macroscopic investigation and dynamic monitoring. Then microscopic simulation experiments are applied to simulate the purification process and effect of nitrogen by wetland, and the nitrogen purification mechanism and influence mechanism of water environment factors on nitrogen purification are revealed. On this basis, the water quantity and water quality coupled model of Xinmiaopao Wetland is established. Then the purification function threshold of total nitrogen by Xinmiaopao Wetland was quantitative calculated under the condition of maintaining ecological water level of Xinmiaopao Wetland and meeting the water quality target of Chagan Lake. The results of this project will provide theoretical and technical support for adjusting the water quantity and quality of farmland drainage, protecting of wetland health, and avoiding the ecological security of Chagan Lake brought by farmland drainage.
目前松嫩平原粮食增产工程重要途径--大规模开发盐碱地灌区,其带来的农田排水的出路问题及其对承泄区(以查干湖为典型)水环境的影响备受人们关注。本项目考虑利用前置库湿地(以新庙泡湿地为典型)对农田排水进行调蓄与净化,来避免农田排水对查干湖带来的水生态安全风险,同时达到保护与恢复湿地水文与生态功能的目标。首先开展新庙泡湿地水环境特征的宏观调查与动态监测;然后采用微观模拟实验,开展湿地对氮的净化过程与效果的模拟研究,揭示湿地对氮的净化机理以及水环境要素对湿地净化氮的影响机制;在此基础上,构建新庙泡湿地水量-水质耦合模型,模拟评估新庙泡湿地在维持其生态水位和出水水质达到查干湖水质目标的条件下,对农田排水中总氮的净化能力,为科学指导农田排水水量水质调控、维护湿地健康、避免灌区开发产生的农田排水对承泄区带来的水生态安全风险提供重要的理论与技术支撑。
查干湖湿地是松原灌区的主要承泄区之一,同时还是吉林西部重要的生态屏障。本项目考虑利用前置库湿地(以新庙泡湿地为典型)对农田排水进行调蓄与净化,来避免农田排水对查干湖带来的水生态安全风险,同时达到保护与恢复湿地水文与生态功能的目标。首先开展新庙泡湿地水环境特征的宏观调查与动态监测;然后采用微观模拟实验,开展湿地对氮的净化过程与效果的模拟研究;应用TUflow-FV和AED2模型构建新庙泡湿地水量-水质耦合模型,模拟评估新庙泡湿地在维持其生态水位和出水水质达到查干湖水质目标的条件下,对农田排水中总氮的净化能力,为科学指导农田排水水量水质调控、维护湿地健康、避免灌区开发产生的农田排水对承泄区带来的水生态安全风险提供重要的理论与技术支撑。通过研究取得以下几个方面主要成果:.利用1982-2011年的水位资料、1985-2011年的水质资料、以及2015年野外监测数据,分析了查干湖湿地水环境演变特征。查干湖湖底高程为127~131.57 m,湖中高程为127~130m。从2006-2011年,TN在0.24~2.81 mg/L之间波动,年际间呈降低趋势;TP在每年7-10月波动显著,均处于V类和劣V类。查干湖氨氮、硝态氮的含量低于新庙泡,说明新庙泡对氮素有一定的去除作用。湿地水-土壤-植被对氮、磷降解的影响研究表明:氮磷浓度在水流方向不同断面水层和土层中均随时间的增加而降低的;湿地表层土壤中全氮的增加量大于全磷,增加的范围分别是80~129 mg/kg和10~23mg/kg;芦苇对TN和TP的净化能力分别为6~46g/kg和0.9~6g/kg。Tuflow-fv与AED2的耦合模型的模拟值与实测值相符度较高。对于查干湖湿地,对入湖NH3-N(TN), TN,TP的承载负荷分别为1147.6 t,3686.2 t,100.8 t。在最高水位为131.5m,水质达到III类标准的约束条件下,在10%,25%,50%,75%,90%降雨频率下, 农田退水削减量: TN: 4.03, 0, 0, 0, 0, TP:73.08, 61.88, 50.23, 40.94, 31.98 106m3 ;二松引水量:TN: 32.60, 49.84, 57.19, 63.70, 70.91,TP:117.25, 135.26, 168.17, 190.65, 218.32 106m3 。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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