矿井瓦斯运移与富集的动力学过程及地球物理探测基础

Coal mine gas is an important potential safety hazard for mine production, it is also a kind of clean energy. Beginning with coal formation, coal mine gas (coalbed methane, CBM) experienced a series of dynamic process, that is, generation, migration, dissipation and preservation. Especially, structural deformation after coal formation enhances the heterogeneity of gas (CBM) distribution. Based on the detailed study of the dynamic process of gas migration and accumulation, this project is carried out alone a main line of systematic analyses of regional geological setting, mine geological structure, deformation characteristic of coal, types and gas characteristics of tectonically deformed coal. The project adopts the research approaches and methodologies combining with multiple disciplines of structural geology, gas geology, geophysics and mathematics geology, and multiple methods of chemical structure, physical structure and gas characteristics of tectonically deformed coal, mechanical properties of rock and geophysical detection. This project will form a set of preliminary theories and technologies that are suitable for the comprehensive prediction and detection of the development of tectonically deformed coal and gas enrichment area. Based on the multiple source information fusion and comprehensive analysis with GIS as a platform, prediction model for the development of tectonically deformed coal and gas outburst will be built and new breakthroughs in the theory and method of gas outburst prediction will be achieved. The results will provide an important theoretical and technical support for the coal mining safety and gas outburst prediction and prevention, and also have significant implications for CBM exploitation and development.

瓦斯是矿井生产的重要安全隐患，但同时也是一种洁净能源。自成煤作用开始，瓦斯（煤层气）的生成、运移、散失和保存经历了一系列的动力学过程，尤其是成煤期后的构造变动导致了瓦斯（煤层气）分布的非均质性。本项目以深入研究瓦斯运移和富集的动力学过程为基础，依据区域地质背景-矿井构造-煤体变形特征-构造煤发育及其瓦斯特性这一主线，采用构造地质、瓦斯地质、地球物理和数学地质多学科相结合，构造煤的化学结构、物理结构及瓦斯特性，岩石力学性质和地球物理探测等多方法相结合的研究思路与技术方法，预期将初步形成一套适合于构造煤发育和瓦斯富集区的综合预测及探测理论与技术，并以GIS为平台进行多源信息融合和综合分析，建立构造煤发育和瓦斯突出的预测模型，实现瓦斯突出预测理论和方法的新突破，为矿井安全生产和瓦斯突出预测与防治提供重要的理论和技术支撑，同时对煤层气的勘探开发也具有重要的借鉴意义。

瓦斯突出预测是国际性的难题，但又是矿井安全生产的重要保障，构造煤发育和分布规律是矿井瓦斯突出预测与评价的关键科学问题。本项目以构造位置和变形独特以及煤与瓦斯突出形势较为严峻的安徽淮北和山西阳泉矿区为重点研究区域，围绕区域地质背景-矿井地质-矿井构造-煤层赋存状态-煤变形结构特征-煤瓦斯特性这一主线从瓦斯运聚演化及动力学过程、瓦斯突出危险区综合探测技术和煤矿瓦斯分布规律及突出预测决策支持系统等方面展开研究。取得的研究成果主要有：系统阐释了区域构造演化及矿井构造的响应特征，揭示了矿井构造对构造煤发育的控制机理，开发了瓦斯成藏模拟软件并模拟了瓦斯地质演化历史；提出了构造煤分类依据及方案，揭示了不同类型构造煤形成机制、结构特征及其瓦斯特性；揭示了不同类型构造煤微观孔-裂隙结构演化及煤韧性变形的微观机理和大分子结构演化特征，构建了构造煤孔隙结构多重分形模型，探讨了构造煤孔隙非均质性对甲烷扩散的控制机理及糜棱煤瓦斯赋存与突出机理；揭示了低中煤级构造煤超临界甲烷吸附特性及吸附模型的适用性，构建了CH4,CO2和H2O的优势吸附构型，揭示了煤中CH4/CO2/H2O的竞争吸附及扩散机理；形成了构造煤测井曲线精细判识方法以及测井曲线与三维地震相结合的构造煤厚度确定性和非确定性预测技术，阐释了构造煤弹性响应特征及关键影响因素、构建了构造煤岩石物理识别模版；形成了采区工作面应力集中区地震波CT预测方法和基于地应力、构造煤和瓦斯含量等要素的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测方法；形成了构造煤及瓦斯突出构造动力学预测评价理论与方法；构建了瓦斯突出多源信息预测模型和决策系统，为瓦斯突出与预测提供了重要的理论和技术支撑，实际应用效果良好，具有广阔的推广应用前景。发表论文68篇，其中SCI 40篇、EI 11篇，会议论文9篇，出版专著2部；获得国家科技进步二等奖1项、省部级科技进步和自然科学奖4项；获得国家发明专利授权4项、受理4项，计算机软件著作权3项。