供应链环境绩效的测度方法与协调优化

Facing the increasingly serious environmental problems, enterprises must undertake the corresponding responsibility in controlling pollution emissions. As for the supply chains firms reside in, it is a major challenge. The adjustment of the internal strategy of a single firm in the supply chain has little effect on reducing emissions. Only through the coordination between supply chain members can achieve the overall environmental performance optimization. This project will conduct a study on the environmental performance of supply chains, which includes three parts as the measurement of corporate environmental performance, the measurement of supply chain environmental performance, and the coordination and optimization of supply chain environmental performance. We will at first propose for single firms a new model and methodology of environmental performance measurement to solve various problems in the existing measures and provide accurate benchmarking and performance improvement for firms. Based on the enterprise level, we will propose for supply chains a new model and methodology of environmental performance measurement and analyze the effect of intermediate variables and members’ strategies on the supply chain environmental performance. Based on the newly proposed measures, the games of environmental performance and the coordination of emission reduction strategies will be studied. We then conduct a further analysis on coordinated allocation of supply chain environmental responsibility and discuss the mechanism for promoting cooperative games so as to optimize the overall supply chain environmental performance. Finally, the research is applied to the practical case, providing decision-making reference for the environmental management practice of supply chains in China.

面对日益严峻的环境问题，企业在控制污染排放方面必须承担起相应的责任；而对于企业所处的供应链来说，更是面临的重大挑战。供应链中单个企业的内部策略调整对于减排而言收效甚微，只有通过成员企业之间的协调，才能实现整体环境绩效的优化。本项目将针对供应链的环境绩效问题展开深入研究，主要内容包括企业环境绩效的测度、供应链环境绩效的测度、供应链环境绩效的协调优化三个部分。首先面向企业提出新的环境绩效测度模型和方法，解决现有测度中存在的各种问题，确保为企业提供准确的标杆和绩效改进途径。在企业层面基础上，提出面向供应链的环境绩效测度模型和方法，分析中间变量和各成员的策略对供应链环境绩效的影响。基于新的测度，研究成员企业的环境绩效博弈问题和减排策略协调。进一步分析供应链环境责任的协调分配，探讨促成合作博弈形成的机制，从而优化供应链整体的环境绩效。最后将研究应用于实际案例，为中国供应链的环境管理实践提供决策参考。

国际社会对环境问题的日益关注，促使企业注重运营的环境影响。企业单方面的减排策略调整将使整条供应链陷入此消彼长的困境，只有通过上下游的协调，才能实现供应链系统的环境绩效优化。本项目针对供应链及其成员企业的环境绩效提出了一套新的测度模型和方法，为供应链环境绩效的协调与优化提供了有效路径，具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。研究内容主要包括企业环境绩效的测度分析、供应链环境绩效的测度分析、供应链环境绩效的协调优化三部分。首先面向企业层面提出了新的环境效率测度模型和方法，克服了以往测度中的问题，不仅能为企业改善绩效提供有效标杆和改进方向，而且通过估计减排边际成本帮助企业在产量和减排之间作出权衡。在面向企业分析的基础上，从系统角度提出了面向供应链的环境效率测度模型和方法。当成员企业在中间变量和策略上达到协调时，新的测度能够合理解释供应链整体绩效与局部绩效的关系。基于新的测度，建立了成员企业环境绩效的议价模型，给出了寻求最优绩效组合的途径，证明最优绩效组合是纳什均衡，从而通过合作博弈实现了绩效的合理分配。比较分权与集权两种模式，论证了前者通过策略协调能够趋向后者的绩效水平。通过对偶分析，给出了供应链优化环境绩效的有效标杆，以及包含策略协调和责任分配两方面的改进路径。进一步，考虑资源可替代性和再分配性，从利润角度建立议价模型得出了均衡意义上的最优利润组合，给出了中间产品的均衡定价。考虑风险因素，提出了基于乘法模型的供应链绩效测度，论证了该测度能够直观准确地识别断链风险。通过纳什谈判和安全库存设置实现了成员企业绩效的均衡分配，指出分权模式通过纳什谈判能够达到集权最优。相关成果分别应用于中国农产品供应链环境绩效的实证分析、供应链的利润博弈分析、供应链的风险管控、长江经济带的环境绩效和区域间产业转移研究，以及中国物流业的绩效评价，为中国供应链的环境管理实践提供了有意义的决策参考。