There is a high incidence of aneuploidy in embryos cultured in vitro. Our previous studies revealed that mouse zygotes fertilized with oxidatively-stressed sperm or mouse zygotes with oxidative stress in vitro,activated the DNA damage response (DDR) accompanied by the phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser 139 (γ-H2AX),and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint to delay the progress of the first mitotic cell cycle via ATM-Chk1-Cdc25 pathway. Moreover, the DNA repair of oxidatively-stressed zygotes was incomplete, leading to a decrease in the blastocyst formation rate and an increase in the apoptotic rate at the blastocyst stage. However, it is unknown whether the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated. Importantly, the results of the pre-experiment (iTRAQ) showed the activation of SAC in oxidatively-stressed zygotes. Therefore, we speculate that DDR, especially Chk1, might sustain activation of SAC by mediating the localization of Mad2 to kinetochores when oxidatively-stressed zygotes were arrested at G2/M phase, which might lead to a high incidence of aneuploidy in embryos cultured in vitro. In this study, we will confirm Chk1-Mad2 crosslink between the DNA damage response and the spindle assembly checkpoint to ensure genomic integrity in oxidatively-stressed zygotes. And the main contents involved three aspects: the changes of SAC and Mad2 in oxidatively-stressed zygotes, the development of zygotes in the case of Mad2 intervention, and the changes of SAC and Mad2 with Chk1 inhibition. Based on the study of the previous nation natural science foundation, this study improves the theory of DNA damage and repair of zygotes in vitro, providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of assisted reproductive technology.
体外培养胚胎非整倍体率高。研究发现:氧化应激性精子受精后受精卵或氧化应激性受精卵启动DNA损伤反应H2AX磷酸化,激活细胞周期检验点G2/M期延长,ATM-Chk1-Cdc25途径可介导G2/M期阻滞。但氧化应激性受精卵DNA损伤修复不全,囊胚率下降、凋亡增加。那么,M期发挥作用的SAC功能是否因此受影响?已知Chk1参与有丝分裂进程,iTRAQ预实验也揭示SAC功能启动。我们设想:G2/M期延长时受精卵DNA损伤反应干扰了体外培养胚胎SAC功能,并可能通过Chk1介导关卡蛋白Mad2功能,增加胚胎非整倍体形成。拟从氧化应激性受精卵中SAC与Mad2功能变化、Mad2干预影响受精卵发育、Chk1干预Mad2变化三方面阐述氧化应激性受精卵DNA损伤反应与SAC在维持基因组完整性方面功能关联性的Chk1-Mad2分子机制。结合前国家基金成果,完善受精卵损伤修复理论,为优化辅助生殖技术提供依据。
ART治疗中体外培养条件无法完全模拟体内,胚胎内ROS水平轻微升高,引起胚胎体外培养过程中不可避免的轻微氧化应激性DNA损伤是否对胚胎非整倍体形成存在影响,至今未见报道。本研究证实体外培养过程中不可避免的轻微氧化应激性DNA损伤通过第一次有丝分裂期染色体错误分离,主要增加男性胚胎发生性染色体非整倍体的风险,抑制男性生殖功能相关基因及蛋白表达,说明ART治疗可能对男性后代生殖健康造成潜在的危害,针对提高卵母细胞质量的策略对促进胚胎修复受损DNA/染色体的能力具有重要意义。同时,我们的结果表明,IVF来源胚胎轻度氧化损伤引起的性染色体嵌合体的修复依赖于MAD2,这是SAC的关键成分;氧化应激性DNA损伤激活了胚胎的DDR及SAC机制,两者通过Chk1 (pSer345)-CENP B/Mad2-Cyclin B1/Cdc2 (pTyr15)交联通路共同参与氧化应激性DNA损伤受精卵细胞第一次有丝分裂期染色体非整倍体(尤其是性染色体嵌合体)的形成与修复。部分氧化应激性DNA损伤受精卵细胞第一次有丝分裂之后Mad2持续阳性表达,可能标志着胚胎非整倍体的持续存在,于2细胞期后继续促进异常染色体的修复。可见,第一次有丝分裂期是体外培养胚胎氧化应激状态下DNA及染色体损伤、修复的关键时期,是早期胚胎发育调控的主要作用点,也是维持胚胎基因组完整性及稳定性的核心细胞周期。因此,除了尽量避免配子或胚胎在体外操作的过程中ROS的产生,还应从母系效应基因重要性的方面提高卵母细胞质量,促进IVF胚胎第一次有丝分裂期母源性遗传物质对损伤DNA和染色体的修复能力,已获国自然基金资助、启动了后续研究。本研究针对不良氧化应激状态下受精卵损伤修复过程中出现的DNA损伤反应DDR、细胞周期检验点激活G2/M期延长,可能干扰了有丝分裂期SAC功能这一问题开展研究。结合前国家基金研究成果,有助于理解氧化应激状态下受精卵损伤修复理论,为早期胚胎有丝分裂调控机制提供了新思路;也为优化人类辅助生殖技术、提高胚胎利用率,降低不良妊娠结局提供理论依据,课题具有重要的理论价值和广阔的应用前景。在氧化应激性DNA损伤受精卵模型基础上开展本研究,为利用小鼠受精卵进行有关细胞周期调控机制、协同SAC维持基因组完整性及稳定性的研究提供了实验模型和技术方法。发表SCI论文8篇、研究生毕业5名,获批国自然1项、博士后基金2项,等。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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