辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地真菌多样性的比较研究

Wetland, regarded as "kidney of the earth", is one of the highest productivity ecosystem on the earth, bears unique hydrology, soil, vegetation and biological characteristics, is of great value for the human survival and development. As one of the important groups of wetland microorganisms, fungi plays an important role in the wetland nutrient cycling, pollution remediation, and so on. In the project, culture-dependent method and culture-independent molecular biological method (ITS, High-throughput sequencing，etc.) will be combined to study the fungal diversities and their community structure characteristics in the wetland of Liaohe and the Yalu river estuary. The research will reveal the fungal variety resources, flora distribution and the community structure differences, explore the effects of geographical position, wetland types, physical and chemical properties of soil, etc. on the wetland fungal diversities in Liaohe and the Yalu river estuary. By means of high-throughput sequencing, wetland fungal species diversity and ecological diversity will be investigated. More comprehensive wetland fungal community diversities will be obtained. The project will further enrich the fungal resources of wetland in China and the rich living strain obtained in the research are also precious wetland biological resources, which can be applied in the environmental remediation and effective drug activity fungal species screening.

湿地被誉为“地球之肾”，是地球上生产力最高的生态系统之一，具有独特的水文、土壤、植被与生物特征的生态系统，对人类的生存和发展具有重要价值。真菌作为湿地微生物中的重要类群之一，在湿地营养物质循环、污染修复等诸多方面发挥着重要作用。本项目拟将传统分离培养方法和非培养的分子生物学方法（ITS、高通量测序等）相结合，对辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地真菌多样性展开比较研究。研究明确辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地真菌种类资源、区系分布规律及群落结构特征差异，深入了解湿地地理位置、湿地类型、土壤理化性质差异等对湿地真菌多样性的影响。研究中运用高通量测序技术对入海口湿地真菌种类多样性和生态多样性进行探索，可获得较全面的入海口湿地真菌多样性信息。项目的开展也将进一步丰富我国湿地真菌种类资源，获得的大量活体菌种更是宝贵的湿地生物资源，可用于环境修复和有效药物活性真菌菌种的筛选。

微生物是湿地生态系统的主要组成部分，对湿地土壤的物质再生及能量循环有重要作用。本项目以辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地为研究对象，利用土壤真菌分离培养和高通量测序技术相结合的方法，对两个入海口湿地土壤中真菌种群多样性及分布特征开展比较研究，并对两处入海口湿地土壤的理化因子进行检测分析，揭示两处入海口湿地土壤理化因子对其真菌群落多样性的影响。研究结果如下：.(1)辽河入海口湿地土壤共分离获得真菌370株，经鉴定隶属于15目、23科、32属真菌；鸭绿江入海口湿地土壤共分离获得真菌612株，经鉴定隶属于14目、21科、29属真菌。辽河入海口湿地土壤中获得可培养真菌以8月份和10月份最多；鸭绿江入海口湿地土壤中获得可分培养真菌以7月份和10月份最多。.(2)基于高通量测序技术对两处入海口湿地土壤的真菌多样性分析结果表明辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地土壤真菌优势群落构成在门、属水平上均具有一定差异性。辽河和鸭绿江入海口湿地土壤理化因子分析结果表明，两处湿地之间以及相同湿地不同采样点间土壤理化因子均存在明显差异。两处湿地土壤的优势真菌（属）对本文中所测的理化因子均表现出较大的敏感差异性。