中国溜蝇族昆虫分类与系统发育研究

The tribe Lispini belonging to the Muscidae, Diptera, is an important aquatic predatory fly, which is not only an indicator species for water quality, but also can be used in biological control. However, its status within the family Muscidae has rarely been addressed, and the tribe was classified into different subfamilies, since its morphological characters resemble the key diagnosis characters for some subfamilies in Muscidae. The definition of the taxonomic status of Lispini and investigation of the phylogenetic relationships between Lispini and its allies, are crucially important to construct phylogeny within Muscidae, and even useful for superfamily Muscoidea. This project attempts to classify the species of this tribe, enrich the database of morphological characters of adaults, eggs, larva, and pupas, select evolutionally significant features, reveal their possible role in taxonomy and evolutionary trends, and provide basis for species revision and phylogenetic studies. Here, we use molecular data for exemplar species of Lispini, Coenosiinae, Mydaeinae, Phaoniinae and some outgroup species from other five subfamilies. Four mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, COI, and Cytb, and four nuclear genes 18S, 28S, Ef1a, and CAD are used to reconstruct the muscid tree. Based on the morphological and molecular study, we use phylogenic principle and methods to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships of Lispini and related taxon, provide crucial basis for completing the evolutionary and phylogenic relationships of Muscidae. Consequensely, this project can not only reclaim a pioneering research field of the Muscidae, but also conduct related study on the dipteran clade Calyptratae.

溜蝇族Lispini隶属于双翅目Diptera蝇科Muscidae，是一类特殊的水栖捕食性类群，可作为水质监测的重要指示物种，亦是可用于蚊虫生物防治的天敌昆虫。由于该类昆虫形态特征与蝇科中部分亚科的鉴别特征存在重叠，其在蝇科中的系统地位时常变动，曾被归入不同的亚科。溜蝇族昆虫的准确界定及其与相近类群的系统发育关系研究，是蝇科乃至蝇总科系统发育研究中的关键问题。本项目拟对该类昆虫进行系统的分类，补充成蝇、卵、幼虫和蛹的外部形态特征；采用比较形态学的研究方法，筛选具有进化意义的形态特征，为物种鉴定和系统发育研究提供新的形态学依据；应用支序系统学原理和方法，基于形态和分子数据，对溜蝇族及相近类群的系统演化关系进行重建；明确溜蝇族在蝇科中的系统地位，阐明溜蝇族内部阶元的系统发育关系，可为有瓣蝇类的相关研究提供实践指导。

溜蝇隶属于双翅目Diptera蝇科Muscidae，世界广布且为水栖捕食性类群，可用于生物防治和水质监测。对溜蝇进行分类、形态学及系统学研究是揭示蝇科乃至蝇总科进化历程的一项重要课题。本项目按计划取得如下进展：分类修订工作：在10省14地（包括8个保护区）采集干制溜蝇标本1132号，浸制标本102管；检视国内外7家博物馆馆藏溜蝇标本84种2129号，包括28种的模式标本，发现4个新物种，建立2个新异名属和6个新异名种，对新纪录种和稀有物种进行详细描述，编制中国溜蝇分种、分种团检索表；建立了世界172种溜蝇物种数据库，首次将103种/亚种划分为16个种团，新建种团3个。比较形态学研究：运用显微及超显微研究技术，对溜蝇重要形态特征进行系统观察，共拍摄显微照片320幅，超显微照片623幅，翅干涉图谱172幅；统计并分析触角和下颚须感受器的类型、数量、分布，比较各种团足部特化结构、腹部斑纹形态、尾器结构，探明阳体同源性关系；首次将翅干涉图谱引入溜蝇比较形态学研究，发现足部跗节能增加疏水性的特殊结构“剑型疏水毛”和与雌性特殊产卵习性相关的附生内骨片结构，为物种鉴定及系统发育关系提供了新的形态学依据。分子系统学研究：首次基于线粒体基因和核基因7个分子片段构建了22种溜蝇（涵盖10个种团）的系统发育关系，结果支持溜蝇为单系类群且应隶属于秽蝇亚科，原溜蝇族其他两属应并入溜蝇属，验证了本研究分种团的有效性，结合比较形态学研究结果探讨了溜蝇关键形态特征的演化趋势。.项目执行期间已发表论文21篇，其中SCI论文19篇，提交会议摘要4篇，完成国内外学术报告8次，获省部级奖项2项。