需求行为、供给效率与新型林业社会化服务体系建构研究：主体异质性、供需匹配机理与制度设计

It is a major task of China to establish a new service system in forestry socialization, which is currently under the insensitive management mechanism and the predicament of unbalanced demand and supply. To deepen the reform of the mechanism of China’s collective forestry right, therefore, it is important to answer the question regarding the matching and policy-making systems on the development of forestry socialization service, based on both theoretical foundation and mechanism innovation. This project follows the research idea of “incentivize collective demand--improve supply efficiency--enhance matching process--optimize service system--complete mechanism design”to establish the theory and research framework in socialization service system. Under this structure, the study analyzes the various types of principal heterogeneous demands and patterns embedded in socialization service, evaluates efficient service systems from different main suppliers, clarifies the key factors hampering efficiency, and investigates the matching system, conditions and policies associated with the proposed mechanism, all of which are provided with scientific evidence and operating procedures. The study also has considerable values in theoretical innovation and practical guidance to the establishment of China’s forestry socialization system and supporting policies.

构建适应林业现代化建设要求的新型林业社会化服务体系是深化我国集体林权制度改革的重要任务。我国林业社会化服务体系建设面临供需结构失衡的困境。探明林业社会化服务供需匹配机理，建立促进供需结构均衡的政策体系，是亟待研究的重要理论和制度建设问题。本项目建立研究的理论和方法框架，分析不同类型主体的林业社会化服务异质性需求特征及其规律，分析不同供给主体的林业社会化服务体系供给效率特征，厘清制约林业社会化服务供给效率的关键障碍因素，探明林业社会化服务需求与供给平衡机理、供需匹配平衡条件和政策要点，为重构基于激励农户需求和提升供给效率的我国林业社会化服务体系及支持政策提供科学依据和实施方案，具有重大的理论创新和实践指导价值。

首先，以运用农户决策行为理论、制度经济学理论、规模经济理论和林业经营管理理论的相关研究为基础，研究社会化服务需求、社会化服务供给等的概念、特征、领域和范围。其次，分析林业社会化服务的需求意愿在多大程度上能转化为采纳行为，以求取林业社会化服务的有效需求。分析林业社会化服务的需求意愿及其差异性。针对具有采纳行为的主体，对其林业社会化服务的采纳量及影响因素进行分析。从投入产出生产效率的角度来分析林业社会化服务的供给效率进行分析。再次，以需求主体为导向，评估需求主体对林业社会化供给服务对经营行为的影响。以供给主体为导向，评估不同供给主体林业社会化服务的供给效率。对应某种确定的林业生产条件和农户需求特征下，研究不同的需求主体应选择何种林业社会化服务模式更加优化。最后，根据以上研究的结果，提出提升林业社会化服务的建议和对策。