氨基酸为氮（硫）源掺杂石墨烯材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

As a building block for carbon materials of all other dimensionalities, the two dimensional graphene has already revealed a great number of potential applications due to its unique structure and properties. Since the first report of its synthesis via a “scotch tape” method in 2004, graphene and its related materials have emerged as one of the most active research fields. Heteroatom substitutional doping provides an effective tool to tailor the physical and chemical properties of pristine graphene and render its potential use for various applications. Nitrogen atom is the most commonly used dopant for the doping of graphene because of its comparable atomic size to carbon and its high electronegativity. However, environmental and toxicity concerns related to most of the nitrogen sources motivate us to find more environment-friendly ones. In this project, nitrogen (N) doped and nitrogen/sulfur (N/S) dual-doped graphenes will be synthesized by hydrothermal or thermal treatment using graphene oxide and amino acid as precursors. The morphology, structure and composition of the prepared materials will be characterized and their super capacitance and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) will be tested. Several factors influencing on the morphology and structure, and ultimately the electrochemical performance will be explored and discussed, such as the type and amount of amino acid, the pH value of the solution, reaction temperature and time. And the N(S)-doped graphene materials will be obtained with high electrochemical performance.

作为构建其它各维碳材料的基本单元，二维石墨烯因其独特的结构和性质在诸多领域均表现出潜在的应用价值。自从2004年由“胶带”法成功分离以来，石墨烯及其相关材料已成为最热点的研究领域之一。杂原子的取代掺杂是调控石墨烯物理化学性质、实现其更为广阔应用的一种有效手段。由于与碳原子相近的原子半径且电负性较高，氮原子是最常使用的掺杂原子。然而，目前已报道的含氮化合物大多都具有一定毒性，因此寻找环境友好型氮源是非常有必要的。本项目拟采用水热及热处理方法，以氧化石墨烯和氨基酸为前驱体制备氮(N)掺杂及氮硫(NS)双掺杂石墨烯材料，表征材料的形貌、结构和组成并测试其超级电容及电催化氧还原性能。探讨氨基酸类型及掺杂量、溶液pH值、反应温度和时间等因素对材料的形貌、组成结构以及最终性能的影响规律，获得电化学性能优良的N(S)掺杂石墨烯材料。

结构优化、杂原子掺杂、复合等是提升石墨烯相关材料的性能和扩展其应用的有效功能化策略。本项目以氧化石墨烯为前驱体，以环境友好的氨基酸及其衍生物为杂原子源，采用水热、热处理等方法制备了一系列氮掺杂、氮硫双掺杂石墨烯材料以及铁基石墨烯复合材料，表征了材料的形貌、组成和结构，测试了样品的超级电容及电催化氧还原性能，总结了氨基酸类型、溶液pH值、反应温度和时间等因素对产物的形貌、组成结构以及最终性能的影响规律，阐明了氨基酸酸度影响材料形貌及电容性能的根本原因，得到了电化学性能优良的掺杂石墨烯材料。该项目研究内容可为掺杂石墨烯材料的设计合成提供参考，也可为开发高性能石墨烯电极材料提供新途径。