水产养殖尾水灌溉滨海盐渍土过程中典型抗生素及其抗性基因污染特征与转归研究

The pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become a global research hotspot. Although aquaculture tail water irrigation is an important practice in coastal regions due to the shortage of water resources, rare information is available on the pollution and fate of the antibiotics and ARGs in coastal saline soil. In this study, the contamination of typical antibiotics and ARGs in coastal saline soil during aquaculture tail water irrigation will be evaluated. The sorption-desorption process of the antibiotics and extracellular ARGs in coastal saline soil will be investigated. The biodegradation of antibiotics and the evolution of related ARGs in coastal saline soil, as well as the plant accumulation of antibiotics and ARGs under saline environment will also be investigated. The influence of many factors including salt content, irrigation approaches, contact approaches, temperature, pH, nutrients, and soil components and amendments on the contamination and fate of antibiotics and ARGs in coastal saline soil will be evaluated. The potential risks of typical antibiotics and ARGs during irrigation will be assessed while the accumulation of antibiotics and ARGs will be predicted using models. The final goal of the study is to obtain initial information on the contamination and fate of antibiotics and ARGs in the coastal saline soil during aquaculture tail water irrigation. These findings will subsequently provide theoretical and technical support for the sustainable use of the aquaculture tail water for irrigation as well as for maintaining soil quality and safety in coastal regions.

抗生素及其抗性基因污染已成为全球关注的热点问题。应用水产养殖尾水灌溉盐渍土是滨海地区重要的农业节水措施，但鲜见该灌溉过程中抗生素及其抗性基因污染特征与转归的报道。本研究拟考察滨海水产养殖尾水灌溉滨海盐渍土条件下典型抗生素及其抗性基因的污染特征，探讨典型抗生素及游离态抗性基因在滨海盐渍土中的吸附解吸过程，研究滨海盐渍土中抗生素生物降解过程及降解过程中抗性基因动态变化规律，探讨滨海耐盐植物对抗生素及其抗性基因的累积规律，考察盐分含量、灌溉处理、接触途径、温度、pH、生源要素、土壤组分或土壤改良剂等多种因素对灌溉过程中抗生素及其抗性基因污染特征与转归的影响机制，探讨灌溉过程中典型抗生素及其抗性基因风险评估和累积模拟预测，旨在阐明水产养殖尾水灌溉滨海盐渍土过程中抗生素及其抗性基因的污染特征及转归规律。开展本研究可为滨海地区合理利用水产养殖尾水资源和保障区域土壤质量安全提供重要理论依据和技术选择。

针对滨海缺水区合理利用尾水资源和新污染物防控难题，项目考察了海岸带环境中抗生素及其抗性基因的累积、吸附-解吸、生物降解及植物修复规律。首次实现了洲际尺度海岸带区域抗生素及其抗性基因污染的综合评估，揭示了海岸带抗生素及其抗性基因的时空分布规律和潜在高风险，证实了尾水无序排放系海岸带抗生素及其抗性基因主要污染源，揭示了海洋环境中陆源抗生素抗性基因的定植和扩繁规律；发现了海洋环境中抗生素抗性基因的冷水团边际富集效应，首次确立了微塑料同抗性基因及多重耐药菌形成新兴海洋复合污染；揭示抗生素及典型抗性基因在海岸带环境中的吸附-解吸及富集行为和调控机制，证实了有机质对盐渍土（沉积物）吸附固持抗生素的关键作用；阐明了海岸带环境中抗生素的生物降解去除规律，发现了滨海盐碱环境中肠球菌属对抗生素降解的偏好性现象，证实了微藻抗生素降解潜力优于细菌并获得高效降解藻种1株；揭示了盐生植物对抗生素的高效吸收去除规律，确立了盐生植物在扩繁条件下对典型抗生素及其抗性基因的主导去除削减作用；阐明了集成膜工艺对尾水抗性基因的深度净化机制，创制尾水深度处理用抑菌高强膜材料1种；构建了基于净水新工艺（装备）、固废资源化及抗菌肽替代抗生素的海岸带抗生素及其抗性基因高效削减体系。截至目前以第一/通讯作者在环境领域主流期刊上发表SCI论文20篇，入选ESI高被引论文2篇，授权发明专利8项(其中3项已在典型缺水区开始实施应用)。研究成果为海岸带区域水资源循环利用、抗生素及其抗性基因污染管控提供了新思想、新技术、新材料和新装备，同时产出国家级咨询报告1份并被中办采纳和国家领导人批示，为海岸带区域尾水资源化利用和抗生素及其抗性基因污染管控提供了直接的科学依据，产生了重要经济社会效益。