农村金融市场“精英俘获”困境破解与包容性成长研究

In the background of the central government’s great importance to the development of “agriculture, countryside and farmers” and efforts to consolidate the sharing-foundation of rural development, this research studies the problem of elite capture in rural financial market and explores the path to achieve its inclusive growth, which is conducted to provide theoretical and empirical support for deepening the reform of China's rural financial system, speeding up the rural financial innovation, strengthening the rural financial service function, promoting the precise poverty alleviation and building a well-off society. Therefore, this research will achieve several aims as follow: (1) construct the theoretical framework of the inclusive growth of rural financial market based on the reality of China, clarifying the vulnerable groups of rural In the background of the CPC and the central government paying great attentions to consolidate the sharing-foundation of rural development, to provide theoretical and empirical support for deepening the reform of China's rural financial system, speeding up the rural financial innovation, strengthening the rural financial service function, promoting the precise poverty alleviation and building a well-off society, this research studies the problem of elite capture in rural financial market and explores the path to achieve its inclusive growth. For these purposes, this research should: (1) construct the theoretical framework of the inclusive growth of rural financial market based on the reality of China, clarifying the vulnerable groups of rural financial service and the environmental constraints of its inclusive growth; (2) build the behavior model of the rural financial market based on the demand aspect, and obtain the relationship between the farmers and the financial organizations in the process of financial poverty alleviation; (3) make a theoretical analysis and empirical test on the formation mechanism, influencing factors and transmission effect of elite capture in rural financial market by the application of mathematical model; (4) measure the inclusive status of China's rural financial market and poverty alleviation performance scientifically by the construction of the evaluation index system, providing a realistic basis for the development of effective top-level design of rural financial poverty alleviation; (5) put forward strategic guidance for the solution of poor farmers’ financing dilemma and the realization of rural finance’s fair and inclusive growth.

在当前中央致力于夯实农村共享发展基础的现实背景下，深入研究农村金融市场“精英俘获”问题，并针对性地探索其包容性成长实现路径，旨在为充分发挥金融在脱贫攻坚和全面建成小康社会中的引领作用提供理论与实证支持。据此，本研究必须科学构建中国特色农村金融市场包容性成长的理论框架，厘清农村金融服务弱势群体与自身包容性成长的要素条件、环境约束；立足需求层面设定农村金融市场主体行为模型，获取金融扶贫过程中农户与金融组织之间的相互关系识别；从应用数学模型分析角度对农村金融市场“精英俘获”形成机理、影响因素及传递效应做理论解构与实证检验；合理设计指标体系，精准测度中国农村金融市场的包容性状态和扶贫绩效，为农村金融扶贫制定有效的顶层设计提供现实依据；通过充分把握农村金融市场的动态变化，最终为切实解决贫困农户融资难、融资贵问题，实现农村金融公平和包容性成长提供战略指导。

在当前中央高度重视“三农”发展，坚决打赢扶贫攻坚战、致力于实施乡村振兴战略、有效解决发展不平衡不充分问题的现实背景下，基于金融扶贫的理论探索与机理解析、典型案例与经验归纳、成效评估与偏差分析，科学总结中国特色金融扶贫的理论创造和实践创新，充分揭示农村金融市场面临的“精英俘获”障碍及金融扶贫实践偏差，进而针对性地完善中国特色金融精准扶贫机制与模式，旨在为深化中国农村金融体制改革、加快农村金融服务创新、促进农村金融精准扶贫、实现农村金融包容性成长提供理论与实证支持。.理论研究是本课题的逻辑起点，主要包括厘清农村金融服务弱势群体与自身包容性成长的理论逻辑、要素条件与实现机理。案例研究是系统揭示农村金融包容性成长成功经验、客观规律、改进方向的重要组成部分，涵盖精准扶贫机制建立健全、内生性合作金融培育、风险分担与制度配套、数字普惠金融创新。实证研究由总体成效与阶段评估、创新成效与调节效应、区域差异与实践偏差三部分构成，既全面总结中国特色金融扶贫成绩，也充分揭示“精英俘获”问题。应用对策研究是本课题研究的重点与归宿，一方面根据案例分析针对性地提出进一步深化改革创新、实现包容性成长的方向与路径；另一方面，根据实证揭示的实践偏差及“精英俘获”困境，明确体制机制及支持措施的具体调整与完善。.研究结论表明：金融扶贫具有独特理论逻辑，而中国特色金融扶贫立足机制、组织、制度和技术层面的理论探索与实践创新，形成了可复制推广的成功经验，不仅总体成效显著改善，而且协同效应、空间效应及创新效应显现。但是，既有深度贫困地区仍然存在明显的“精英俘获”现象，实现农村金融包容性成长、完善中国特色金融扶贫机制必须有效克服区域及个体的异质性，创新驱动金融扶贫主体加速成长、科学应对贫困群体层级分化现象、构建金融扶贫供求双方的协同发展模式、强化金融服务扶贫产业发展、以金融科技创新促进巩固脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。