中国蝇茧蜂亚科分类及系统发育研究

The Opiinae, one of the subfamilies of Braconidae(Hymenoptera), are koinobiont endoparasitoids of cyclorrhaphousDiptera, emerging from the pupa of their hosts. The majority of these hosts are members ofthe families Tephritidae,Agromyzidae andDrosophilidae, many of which are important insect pests and difficult to be controled by means of chemicals. Therefore some species of the opiines have been used as important agents in biological control programs in many countries. Some species of Opiinae are also used to determine the relationships between parasitoid wasps and hosts. The Opiinae are poorly defined with some disagreement regarding the relationship of the Opiinae to other braconid subfamilies, and there is almost no molecular evidence to support the most popular hypotheses. Some previoustaxonomic work on the Opiinae has been descriptive in few area of China, and can not reflect the situation of Opiinae fauna from the whole country.In this study, we will studythe species andgenera and their distribution of the Opiinae from China and the host range will be exploited and discussed. Morphologic and molecular data will be collected and used to interpret the phylogenetic relationships between Opiinae and other subfamilies, and among genera within this subfamily.The results of this project will significantly advance our knowledge of this subfamily and will lay a solid base for use of this group in biological control programs.

蝇茧蜂亚科隶属膜翅目茧蜂科，寄生于双翅目环裂亚目幼虫-蛹期或卵-幼虫-蛹期，是双翅目昆虫，尤其是实蝇科、潜蝇科和果蝇科等钻蛀性和潜叶性双翅目害虫的重要寄生性天敌，在害虫生物防治中具有非常重要的作用。蝇茧蜂在茧蜂科内具有特殊的系统发育地位，其内部及与其他亚科的系统发育关系对厘清茧蜂科的进化历程十分重要。许多种类还作为研究寄生蜂和寄主相互关系的理想材料。我国该类群虽然有零散或地区性研究，但总体上缺乏全国性的系统研究。本项目将系统地整理和研究我国本亚科的属、种及其分布、寄主范围等，并通过对代表性种类的形态学比较研究、多基因分子数据的分析，探讨蝇茧蜂亚科各属之间的系统发育关系。本研究既是昆虫系统学和物种多样性研究，为解决蝇茧蜂亚科族属级亲缘关系奠定研究基础；又是害虫天敌资源的发掘、作物害虫生物防治和综合治理的基础工作，对目前农林生产上双翅目重要害虫的持续控制具有十分重要的实际意义。

寄生性膜翅目（即寄生蜂）是一类幼期营寄生生活的膜翅目昆虫，是一类重要的害虫天敌，种类繁多，习性复杂，其系统发育关系及寄生习性的进化总体上还不清楚。本项目首次以中国蝇茧蜂亚科类群为重点研究对象，（1）对我国膜翅目茧蜂科Braconidae蝇茧蜂亚科Opiinae类群进行了系统分类及地理分布研究，共研究标本5000余号，分类整理19属218种，发现了1新属、3新纪录属、73新种、13个新组合种。（2）着重梳理了亮蝇茧蜂属Phaedratoma，发现亮蝇茧蜂属51新种。（3）选取蝇茧蜂亚科各属代表类群，依据成虫形态学特征和分子数据建立系统发育树，完善属级分类系统，分析各属之间的系统发育关系和进化。支持烦茧蜂族Ademoni+蝇茧蜂族Opiini的2族系统。族内的核心类群的单系性得到了证实。..本项目已在本项目已在ZooKeys, Zootaxa, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources, 等SCI 刊物上共发表相关论文9篇，其中第一标注论文6篇、第二标注论文2篇、第三标注1篇。