社会网络结构嬗变对企业间知识共享的影响机制研究

The formation of social network structure for knowledge sharing is often affected dynamically by internal and external environment of corporations. Therefore, it can not solve the dispute on which social network structure is the best to analyze and assess the advantages and disadvantages of social network structure from the perspective of static structural and relational dimensions. This project will focus on dynamics of social network, and study the effects of network structure evolution on knowledge sharing. So, we can find and control these variables which influence the best network structure through reverse direction. Furthermore, we try to unite and integrate these different network structures in the process of knowledge interaction, and break the dilemma on advantages and disadvantages of the network structure. Firstly, the factors which affect the formation of the social network are indentified and selected. Secondly, based on simulation and empirical analysis, the effects of such factors on the evolution of the network structure are explored. Thirdly, the process of knowledge sharing is divided into three stages named as knowledge supply, knowledge transmission, knowledge absorption. Treating the average path length and average cohesion as the index of the characteristics of network structure, and treating knowledge supply stock, knowledge transferring efficiency, accumulated knowledge stock as the index of the knowledge sharing effect, and treating the node intermittent chain rewiring probability as the index of the changes of the network structure, three models are constructed and simulated respectively in order to uncover the black box on how the evolution of network structure affect the knowledge sharing among corporations. At last, minimizing cost of social network is treated as the goal, and effects of knowledge sharing are treated as the constraint conditions, and then, a goal programming model is constructed to provide a relative optimal network structure for effective knowledge sharing among corporations.

企业间知识共享社会网络结构的形成受到内外部环境的动态影响，因此，以静态的结构维度和关系维度来分析网络结构对知识共享的影响，并藉此评判网络结构的好坏，无法解决结构的优劣之争。课题着眼网络结构的动态性，研究结构嬗变对知识共享的影响机制，从而反向寻找和控制最优网络结构的变量，试图在共享互动过程中寻求不同网络结构的统一和融合，破解结构优劣之争。首先，识别和筛选影响知识共享社会网络形成的特性因素；其次，基于仿真和实证分析，探索该因素对网络结构嬗变的影响；然后，将企业间知识共享过程分为知识供给、传导、吸收三阶段，以平均路径长和平均内聚度为网络结构特征指标，以知识供给量、传播效率、累积量为共享效果指标，以结点间断链重连概率为网络结构嬗变指标，建立模型并仿真分析，揭开网络结构嬗变对知识共享过程影响的黑箱；最后，以最小化网络建构成本为目标，以知识共享效果为约束，构建目标规划模型，给出相对最优网络结构。

企业间知识共享是企业缓解知识资源不足提升创新能力的重要途径，而企业间所形成的社会网络结构则对其知识共享绩效具有重要影响。因此，梳理和筛选出哪些关键因素影响企业间知识共享社会网络结构的形成与嬗变，阐释网络结构嬗变如何影响知识共享绩效，明晰什么样的网络结构最有利于企业间知识共享，提出促进企业间知识共享的对策建议就是需要解决的几个核心问题。.据此，本课题主要从以下几方面进行了深入研究，并得出了一些有意义的结果：.第一、将企业异质性特征进行分类，从企业的知识属性（知识数量、知识异质性、知识距离）、社会属性（社会信任、机会主义行为、互惠）、自然属性（地理距离）、经济属性（市场收益、市场结构、市场需求、研发投入）等识别和筛选了影响企业间知识共享社会网络结构形成的关键特性因素，为理解和构建网络结构与知识共享绩效之间的关系模型提供了必要基础，也为政策干预提供了切入点。.第二、从社会网络结构特征、结构形态等方面定性分析了社会网络结构对知识共享绩效的影响；通过构建网络结构对知识共享绩效的影响过程模型，基于仿真方法，定量分析了社会网络结构对知识共享绩效的影响；基于某省的科技进步奖励数据，基于社会网络分析方法，实证分析了社会网络结构对知识共享绩效的影响；据此解决了理论上何种结构最优和实践中如何构造这两者之间的矛盾。.第三、从基于社会资本理论、结构洞理论、强弱连接理论的定性分析，以及基于最优节点度与网络结构关系的定量分析这两个维度着手，系统阐释了企业间知识共享社会网络结构优劣之争的根源，破解了什么样的网络结构最有利于企业间知识共享的这一争论。.第四、基于社会网络结构视角，从构建特定社会网络结构、增强企业间交流、增强核心节点功能等不同方面提出了促进企业间知识共享的策略与建议。