长链支化高顺式丁苯橡胶/二氧化硅纳米杂化材料的原位制备

Green tires with high safety and energy conservation characteristics is the development direction of the world tire industry. Performance and rolling resistance of tire can be improved by solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)/neodymium butadiene rubber (NdBR)/silica (SiO2) compounds. However, the main disadvantages are mixed problems between polymers, filler dispersion and weak bond strength with polymer. This project intends to adopt the idea of “integration”to build a novel macromolecules contained both high cis polybutadiene segment (cis - 1, 4 > 97%), styrene units and nano silica. The improved mechanical properties, such as high rebound, high wear resistance, low heat build and loss, excellent low temperature performance could be obtainted by high cis polybutadiene segment instead of low cis polybutadiene segment in traditional SSBR, high wet-skid resistance and strength could be obtainted by styrene units, low rolling resistance could be obtainted by silica and excellent processing ability could be obtainted by long chain branched structure. It is expected that the novel nanohybrids is suitable for the green tyre with low internal friction, long life and high safety.

以安全高效、节能环保为主要特点的绿色轮胎是世界轮胎工业发展的主流方向，通常采用溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）/钕系顺丁橡胶（NdBR）/二氧化硅（SiO2）的复合，但存在聚合物之间有效混合、SiO2在聚合物中的分散及界面结合强度的问题。本项目拟采用“三元一体化”的思想构建一种同时含有高顺式聚丁二烯链段（cis-1,4 > 97%）、苯乙烯单元及纳米SiO2的大分子，其中高顺式聚丁二烯链段替代普通SSBR中低顺式聚丁二烯链段，可赋予材料高回弹、高耐磨、低生热、低滞后损失、耐低温性能；苯乙烯单元可赋予材料高抗湿滑性及高强度；纳米SiO2可赋予材料优异的低滚动阻力，长链支化结构可提供优异的加工性能。期望这种新材料能够集成这三者的优异性能，作为绿色轮胎原材料使用，达到低内耗、长寿命、高安全的目的。

绿色轮胎用橡胶原材料的设计合成、改善无机填料分散性及提高与橡胶的结合强度是提升绿色轮胎性能的关键。溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）/钕系顺丁橡胶（NdBR）/二氧化硅（SiO2）的复合可降低滚动阻力，提升轮胎性能，但也存在橡胶与橡胶之间、橡胶与填料之间有效混合的问题。本课题原位制备一种长链支化高顺式SSBR/ SiO2纳米杂化材料，其中SiO2为化学交联点，高顺式SSBR大分子为长支链，丁二烯链节顺式结构含量在97%以上。这种新型聚合物将高顺式聚丁二烯链段、聚苯乙烯链段、纳米SiO2通过化学键连接在同一大分子链中，二氧化硅粒子尺寸大小为25nm ~ 50nm，较为均匀的分布在橡胶基体中，在丁苯橡胶大分子链上键合二氧化硅后可明显改善二氧化硅粒子在橡胶中的分散性。高顺式聚丁二烯链段可赋予材料优异的低滚动阻力、耐低温性能；聚苯乙烯链段可赋予材料高抗湿滑性及高强度；纳米SiO2可赋予材料优异的低滚动阻力，长链支化结构可提供优异的加工性能，适宜于作为绿色轮胎原材料使用。