我国集装箱陆港城市甄选及其吸引范围划分研究

The construction of land port has become the main form of container transportation system extending to inland, and the inland ports such as Xi’an, Harbin play an important role in the inland export-oriented economic development, transportation network optimization, and logistics costs reduction. 126 inland ports were planned or constructed in China according to the 13th Five-Year Plan of various provinces and the development plan of the main container port in China. And the total investment value of the inlands to be constructed may reach about 100 billion. Preliminary studies have shown that there are some problems existing in the planning and construction of the inland port, such as excessive expansion of the scale, scattered layout. The research on the inland selection and its hinterland division should be strengthened. This project focuses on three aspects of content: firstly, setting up an evaluation index system and finding out the measure method of the dry port comprehensive influence based on the domestic and international research of the growing process, influential factors driving forces of the dry port; secondly, Based on the results the inland ports in the inland container transport network are selected, and then the number and layout of reserved reasonable inland ports is determined, aiming to achieve the best of the whole system; thirdly, dividing land port hinterland range using the gravity model and according to the comprehensive influence and the freight traffic direction, and on the basis, dividing the type of dry ports. This project can provide the scientific basis for the reasonable layout of land port, and the cost reduction of container transportation.

辟建陆港成为集装箱运输体系向内陆延伸的主要形式，已经建成的哈尔滨、西安等陆港对拉动内陆地区经济发展、完善集装箱运输体系，降低集装箱运输成本等起到了重要作用。但是，对各省“十三五”规划和主要港口发展规划的梳理发现，全国建设和规划的陆港达126个，规划的投资总规模达近千亿元，有夸大陆港积极作用和盲目建设倾向，存在布局不合理和转运能力过剩等隐患，迫切需要研究陆港城市甄选及划分其吸引范围等问题。本课题重点研究以下内容：第一，集装箱陆港城市甄选、吸引范围划分等理论与方法；第二，甄选陆港城市的指标体系与评价方法，根据城市规模、交通通达性、外贸进出口等方面的差异具体甄选陆港城市；第三，根据陆港类型和集装箱生成空间格局等条件的差异，利用迂回指数等改进引力模型，探索划分陆港对货源集装箱的合理吸引范围。本研究为规划陆港合理规模、构建陆港—沿海集装箱港口运输体系等提供科学依据。

陆港建设可以促进多式联运的发展，加强海港与内陆城市的联系，降低集装箱内陆转运成本、能耗和碳排放，提高海港在内陆地区的竞争力，是交通运输业实现可持续发展的关键举措。陆港作为内陆集装箱运输网络中的重要物流节点，其区位布局、规模数量、服务区域将对整个运输链的效率发挥着重要作用。.本课题重点研究了四个方面内容。第一，中国外贸集装箱货运需求空间分布特征的研究；第二，研究了陆港的功能演变与空间分布特征等；第三，构建了陆港建设条件评价与陆港布局选址模型；第四，探索了私有化对港口减排效益的影响。已经发表学术论文13篇，其中SCI或者SSCI检索期刊学术论文11篇，CSSCI检索期刊1篇。有3位硕士的学位论文选题与本课题相关。.本项课题研究以下五个方面比以往的研究有所进展和深入。（1）发现了外贸集装箱运输需求沿海聚集的空间分布特征，陆港建设是产业向内陆转移的重要保障；（2）陆港功能不断完善，现已基本成为多式联运的关键节点；（3）在考虑陆港通过能力限制、规模优势的基础上，通过核算陆港的建设成本、运营成本、运输经济成本、时间成本和环境成本，构建了以总成本最小化为目标的陆港选址与运输方案联合优化模型；（4）以东北地区为实证对象，进行实证演算，比较不同运输情景下的集装箱运输总成本，确定总成本最优状态时陆港建设的规模数量、选址布局及服务范围，实现陆港选址和内陆集装箱运输的优化；（5）考虑了在国际竞争下的两个不对称的港口，其中每个国家都有一个枢纽港和一个私人厂商，并研究了港口私有化和排放税政策之间的相互影响。