集装箱枢纽港水路集疏运与港口运作协同优化研究

As the traffic congestion and environmental pollution resulted from container inland collection and delivery operations become more and more serious, container hub ports turn to develop the short-sea shipping system in order to enhance the container inland collection-delivery operations. It is critical to maintain high transshipment efficiency between deep-sea and short-sea shipping, especially in large transshipment hubs with multiple terminals. Thus, new operations management challenges come forward for the port operators as well as shipping operators. With this regard, this research project aims to develop decision support models and algorithms for the planning and operations of short-sea shipping in hub ports, from the perspective of integrated optimization of port operations and short-sea shipping. Firstly, the issue of deep-sea to short-sea transshipment will be integrated with the decision of terminal operations, and the resource allocation and scheduling models will be developed with the objective of maximizing the transshipment efficiency. Secondly, in response to the collection and delivery requests of the multiple-terminal system, a decision support framework will be proposed for the feeder service network design and its disruption recovery planning. Finally, the hub port operations and the short-sea shipping will be considered from the integrated optimization perspective, and models and algorithms will be developed to address key decision support problems including integrated hub location and feeder service network design problem, and feeder service recovery planning in a multiple-terminal system. Overall, this project aims to develop mathematical optimization models and algorithms for integrated port operations and short-sea shipping, with the objective of providing theoretical and application support for port and shipping operators in the real world.

面对港口集疏运对城市造成的交通拥堵和环境污染等问题日益突出，越来越多的集装箱枢纽港大力发展沿海、沿江等水水中转以优化集疏运体系。高效的水水中转对远洋运输和支线运输间的转运体系衔接性提出了很高的要求，特别是对于多码头组成的枢纽港系统。大力发展水水中转对枢纽港及支线班轮企业提出了新的运营管理难题。在该背景下，本项目从水路集疏运和港口协同优化的角度，为枢纽港水路集疏运的规划及运营建立决策支持模型及算法，包括：1）将远洋干线与支线的水水中转需求引入港口作业决策中，研究基于中转量最大化策略的港口资源分配及调度；2）针对多码头集疏运任务，研究支线服务网络设计及扰动事件下的应急调度；3）从枢纽港与水路集疏运协同优化的角度，研究卫星港选址及支线运输服务协同优化，以及多码头泊位及支线运输协同应急调度。本项目旨在构建水路集疏运及港口运作协同优化模型及算法，为港口企业的规划及运营管理提供理论指导和决策支持。

面对港口集疏运对城市造成的交通拥堵和环境污染等问题日益突出，越来越多的集装箱枢纽港大力发展沿海、沿江等水水中转以优化集疏运体系。高效的水水中转对远洋运输和支线运输间的转运体系衔接性提出了很高的要求，特别是对于多码头组成的枢纽港系统。大力发展水水中转对枢纽港及支线班轮企业提出了新的运营管理难题。在该背景下，本项目从水路集疏运和港口协同优化的角度，为枢纽港水路集疏运的规划及运营建立决策支持模型及算法。.具体而言，本项目以集装箱枢纽港为核心，分别从外部和内部集疏运协同运作的角度开展研究。在外部集疏运方面，首先开展了集装箱枢纽港支线路径规划与中转衔接优化的海侧协同优化（研究内容一），以优化枢纽港支线运输效率和中转效率。提出了一种基于弧的混合整数规划模型和一种基于路径的集合划分模型，并设计了分支定价精确算法和基于列生成的启发式算法，案例研究验证了模型和算法能够自动快速生成匹配运输需求的最佳航线组合和船队配置方案。其次，开展了航线—列车联运集装箱换装的陆侧协同优化（研究内容二），从而提升港口作业同铁路运输的协同性。构建了路港协同模式下考虑车船直取作业模式的铁路作业区列车调度和进口集装箱换装方案协同的非线性整数规划模型，对提高列车调度和换装作业效率起到了积极作用。在内部集疏运方面，开展了枢纽港穿梭船运输的多码头协同优化（研究内容三），构建了穿梭船开展多码头间集装箱运输的调度模型和启发式算法，从而提升枢纽港内部多码头间的协同性和整体运作效率。最后，开展了和泊位与岸桥分配干扰恢复的单码头应急调度优化（研究内容四），提出了协同考虑干线和支线中转作业的应急调度模型和算法，为码头干扰管理提供了决策支持。.本研究项目取得的模型和算法方面的成果对于我国航运及港口企业应对智能化转型挑战、自主开发国产决策支持系统具有良好的理论支撑和应用前景。研究工作在中远海运集团几内亚铝土矿运输项目得到了成功应用。该运输项目的内河驳运涉及潮汐影响、多浅滩、多船型，本研究开展了驳船船队配置与调度优化方案研究，为其海上过驳转运运输方案设计提供了重要决策支持，为大型国企推进“一带一路”国家战略提供了技术支撑。