信息与自由裁量：我国公共决策机制的理想模式及重大基础设施项目决策研究

This study aims to summarize decision-making mechanisms in the perspectives of decision-making information and norm, and to explore the ideal patterns and optimized paths in China's decision-making process. By constructing a two-dimension framework of public decision-making mechanism with function as one dimension and foundation as the other, four decision-making models are deducted among the two-dimension matrix. The types and characteristics of information required for each decision-making model are discussed, as well as the boundary and trade-off between applying rules and discretion. According to their information basis and participation channels, various accountabilities should upon to executive bureaucrats, consulting experts and the public. Furthermore, the study focuses on applying the ideal patterns in the analysis of decision-making in mega infrastructure projects including high-speed rail network, UHV transmission networks and new energy vehicle charging network, exploring the consensus process between decision-making body and stakeholders, and optimizing the decision-making process. The study tends to improve the normative theory of public decision-making mechanism in China and to produce some policy implications as well.

本研究旨在从决策信息和决策规范的角度总结公共决策模式，探索我国公共决策的理想模式和优化路径。通过构建"内容-依据"两维分析框架，本研究将公共决策分成四种"理想模式"：渐进调适型、理性设计型、民主协商型、政治决断型；通过建立决策信息模型和策略选择模型，研究信息条件与决策机制的相互关系。本项目还将深入研究四种决策模式的适用情境、参与主体、参与形式及问责机制。最后，本研究还将公共决策的理想模式运用到重大基础设施项目决策中，考察与决策机制相关的制度性变量，研究现行决策机制的优化路径。本研究有助于完善中国公共决策机制的规范化理论，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

本项目系统考察了中国公共政策的决策机制，从决策信息和决策规范的角度提炼了四种理想模型及其优化路径。研究对若干技术复杂型基础设施项目的决策过程进行了追踪调查，重点关注专业知识、行政程序、政治理念在决策中的作用，进而提出了不确定性下公共决策的基本模型。项目还考察了中国公共决策模式变迁的动态机制，提出微观层面的“制度化决策机制”和宏观层面的“政治-经济共同演化的动态模型”。