严寒地区聚居区应对冬季极端气候的技术对策研究

In recent years, the frequency of winter extreme weather increased continually in the chill region. The people are seriously affected. The infrastructure and buildings in community are faced with fierce tests. The related research were needed urgently ! Through a large amount of research and data information collection, this project built a basic information database that consists of winter extreme weather in the severe cold region and community key elements. For winter extreme weather in the severe cold region and its influence character to residential areas, the numerical simulation technology was worked out. Combined with 3S system (GIS、GPS、RS), actual measurement and computer simulation, qualitative and quantitative research, and a variety of modern analysis method such like statistics, systematology and control theory, we made an overall study of interdisciplinary in multiple points of view. We analyzed the relationship between the factors of winter extreme weather in the chill region and various elements of community and its action principle, the numerical relation model was built up, finally we set up the community impact assessment and prediction model in the situation of winter extreme weather.On this basis, in terms of prevention, building conservation and disaster restore, we study the community spatial form, spatial element allocation and protection measures in building science, finally the optimal protection technology system and solution were worked out. This research would help to improve our abilities for residential areas in the severe cold region dealing with winter extreme weather, and reduce the impact of disaster to the lowest.

近年来，严寒地区冬季出现极端气候的频次不断增加，人民生活受到严重影响，聚居区基础设施与建筑面临严峻考验，进行相关研究迫在眉睫！ 本研究通过大量调研和数据信息采集，构建严寒地区冬季极端气候和聚居区要素的基本信息数据库。针对严寒地区冬季极端气候特点及其对聚居区的影响特征，研发数值模拟仿真技术。采用现场实测与3S系统及计算机模拟仿真相结合、定性与定量分析相结合的方法，综合运用统计学、系统论、控制论等多种现代分析方法，从交叉学科的多视角进行整体研究，分析严寒地区冬季极端气候因子与聚居区各要素的相互关系与作用肌理，建立数值关系模型，并构建冬季极端气候对聚居区影响的评价与预测模型。在此基础上，从防御、保护和修复三方面进行聚居区空间形态、空间要素配置以及建筑技术的防护对策研究，形成最优防护技术体系和解决方案。本研究将有利于提高我国严寒地区聚居区应对冬季极端气候的能力，把冬季灾害对聚居区的影响降到最低。

近年来，严寒地区冬季出现极端气候的频次不断增加，北方居民的日常生活、出行及健身等受到很大的影响，聚居区基础设施与建筑面临严峻考验。本项目通过对严寒地区聚居区进行的系统调查与实测，针对严寒地区冬季极端气候特点及聚居区的特征，在冬季极端气候对聚居区要素的影响、应对冬季极端气候的聚居区空间形态技术对策、应对冬季极端气候的聚居区空间环境要素配置技术对策、应对冬季极端气候的聚居区建筑技术等方面进行了深入的研究，取得以下成果：. （1）完成严寒地区聚居区基础信息调研问卷、室外环境调研问卷、室内热舒适调研问卷共计2000余份；选取典型区域，对聚居区冬季的热环境进行现场实测，并对严寒地区典型区域的气象数据资料进行收集整理。在此基础上，建立严寒地区聚居区基础信息数据库。. （2）通过构建极端气候统计模型，系统分析了冬季不同频次极寒气候对聚居区建筑各要素的影响度，综合运用统计学、系统论多种现代分析方法，从交叉学科的多视角进行整体研究，分析严寒地区冬季极端气候因子与聚居区各要素的相互关系与作用肌理，并集成构建了应对冬季极端气候的严寒地区聚居区要素分析平台。. （3）通过实测数据与模拟数据的对比分析，验证计算机模拟的可行性和准确性，并进行边界条件与相关参数的设定与修正研究。运用数值模拟技术和统计分析方法，系统分析了聚居区空间形态、景观环境、建筑形态与围护结构等要素与冬季气候的关联性，提出应对冬季极端气候的严寒地区聚居区空间形态技术对策、空间要素配置技术对策以及建筑技术对策。. 本项目研究基于严寒地区气候特点和聚居区空间环境与建筑特征，通过对聚居区空间形态、建筑布局、景观设计、建筑设计等适宜技术的整合，提出应对极端气候的技术对策，从而提高严寒地区聚居区应对冬季极端气候的能力，将极端气候对聚居区的影响降到最低。同时在正常气候条件下也可以大幅度降低建筑能耗，营造舒适的人居环境。