基于多尺度模型分析介入的严寒住区冬季室外微气候改善设计研究

The winter in severe cold area is cold and long, which leads to few outdoor activities and reduces communication chances in cities. Thus to optimize outdoor winter environment has become an effective method to enhance the city vitality and improve the urban livability in super cold regions. The traditional way adopted in related research fields has some drawbacks, such as inaccurate boundary conditions, mean temperatures were given for same material surfaces due to exposed or unexposed situations, and the radiation temperature was calculated roughly or cannot be outputted. Multi-scale model method was chosen to avoid the above drawbacks in this project. Firstly, field measurement will be carried out to establish a basic physic model and build the database of simulation boundary conditions. Secondly, large region models and residential models will be built, and the output of large models will be input to residential models as boundary conditions. Thirdly, unsteady radiation model will be built to offer accurate surface temperatures for CFD simulation, and the influence factors of outdoor thermal environment will be got. At last , by statistic analysis, the systematical influence of design factors on outdoor thermal environment of residential communities in winter will be analyzed, which is expected to offer design references and theoretical support for optimization design of outdoor thermal environment in residential communities in severe cold regions in winter.

严寒地区冬季寒冷漫长，造成户外出行活动减少，户外交流频次降低，改善冬季室外微气候成为增强寒地城市活力，提高城市宜居性的有效手段之一。既往相关研究采用单一尺度模型法，存在边界条件不精确，表面温度计算不准确，辐射温度输出不准确甚至无法输出等问题。项目采用多尺度模型介入方法，首先以哈尔滨典型住区实测为依托，建立基础物理模型与数值模拟边界条件数据库；其次，建立大区域模型与居住区尺度模型，完成大区域模型数据输出与居住区模型的程序对接；再次，建立非稳态放射计算物理模型，通过自编译程序将非稳态放射计算结果与流体计算模型相关联，高精度输出室外气候影响物理因子；最后，通过数据整理与系列回归分析，挖掘规划设计、建筑形态设计、景观设计等设计因素对严寒住区室外气候影响机理，为严寒住区冬季室外微气候改善提供设计参考和理论支持。

严寒地区冬季寒冷漫长，造成户外出行活动减少，户外交流频次降低，改善冬季室外微气候成为增强寒地城市活力，提高城市宜居性的有效手段之一。既往相关研究采用单一尺度模型法，存在边界条件不精确，表面温度计算不准确，辐射温度输出不准确甚至无法输出等问题。本项目主要开展的研究工作如下：1.以哈尔滨典型住区实测为依托，分析微气候物理因子差异性原因，总结归纳室外微气候制御方法，并为严寒住区室外热舒适评价提供微气候影响因子数据支持；2.基于设计要素的case设计和CFD耦合模拟技术解构架空形态对住区风环境的影响机制，为室外微气候制御方法研究提供依据；3.完成了严寒住区、城市广场等多个城市空间的热舒适调研，并基于年龄、性别、职业等多个因素对调研数据进行分析，建立严寒地区室外热舒适数据库；4.建立室外热舒适评价与气候特征对应的数据库，计算严寒地区不同季节的PET温度，并结合实际热感界定热中性温度区间，对比分析气候因子对热期望值的影响，分析了复杂室外环境对热舒适性的综合影响机制。本项目研究成果增强了人们对室外微气候要素和热舒适性影响因素的认识，并扩充了室外热舒适数据库，为室外热环境改善和室外微气候制御技术发展提供帮助。