编队作战无人机-防御导弹的协同主动防御策略研究

With the increasingly fierceness of modern battles, if the formation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be protected effectively from incoming homing missiles, one would be able to have the priority of winning a battle. As the techniques of air-to-air missiles have gotten progressed, resulting in the fact that combat aircraft cannot be protected by traditional passive protection strategies, some researchers both at home and abroad have started to study the active protection strategies for combat aircraft. However, it is not common to see the research on active protection strategies for the formation of UAVs. In this project, the optimal cooperative protection strategy for the formation of UAVs and defending missiles will be studied. Mathematically speaking, designing such an optimal cooperative strategy is attributed to two fundamental questions: 1) how to assign UAVs to launch defending missiles? and 2) how to optimally and cooperatively maneuver UAVs and defending missiles to intercept incoming missiles? To solve the two fundamental questions, the mathematical model and method for assigning UAVs to launch defending missiles will be established first; then the optimal cooperative guidance strategy for UAVs and defending missiles will be established. As a result of the research, an optimal cooperative strategy for the active protection of the formation of UAVs against incoming missiles will be proposed.

在日趋激烈的现代战争中，若能有效保护具有重要价值的编队作战无人机，实现对来袭导弹的成功逃逸，就能争夺战场主动权。面对空空导弹技术的进步导致传统的被动防御方式已经不能有效保护作战飞机的现状，国内外对单机作战的主动防御策略展开了一定的研究。然而，对于编队无人机的主动防御策略的研究目前并不多见。本项目拟开展编队无人机-防御导弹的协同主动防御策略的关键基础理论研究。设计该协同主动防御策略主要涉及两个层面的关键问题，即1）编队无人机检测到导弹来袭时，如何分配无人机发射防御导弹的问题和2）防御导弹发射以后，如何引导编队无人机和防御导弹协同机动的问题。针对这两个层面的关键问题，本项目将首先对分配无人机发射导弹的分配模型和分配方法展开研究，然后对编队无人机和防御导弹的最优协同制导律展开研究。通过这些研究，提出一套编队无人机-防御导弹的协同主动防御策略，为我国设计编队无人机的主动防御系统提供理论参考。

无人作战飞机协同编队是未来重要空中作战模式，且利用防御导弹拦截来袭导弹的主动防御方式被认为是未来提高载机战场生存能力的重要手段。但是，当前关于主动防御策略的研究主要围绕载机-防御弹-来袭弹构成的三体追逃问题，而关于编队无人机-防御导弹的协同主动防御研究比较鲜见。因此，有必要在考虑编队作战无人机-防御导弹主动防御的背景下，发展适合于编队作战无人机-防御导弹主动防御的协同主动防御策略。通过3年研究，本项目从无人机发射防御导弹的武器目标分配问题和编队无人机-防御导弹的协同制导问题等两个层面出发对编队作战无人机-防御导弹的协同主动防御策略进行了全面深入的研究，提出了基于最优控制理论和人工智能的武器目标分配方法和最优制导指令在线生成方法，并通过数学仿真对所发展的理论方法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明，本项目所发展的编队作战无人机-防御导弹协同主动防御的任务分配方法和最优制导方法能够有效提高编队作战无人机的战场生存概率，从而为我国将来设计编队无人机的主动防御系统提供理论参考和技术支持。