空间太阳望远镜热光学问题研究

Solar Magnetic Field Telescope（MFT) is the main payload of the Deep Space Solar Telescope（DSO) which will be launched and placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point . MFT, consisting of an optical telescope of 1m diameter aperture and a 8 channels birefringence filter, is designed to permit both solar magnetic field and monochromatic light observations , with very high spatial resolution imaging of 0.1"～0.15" over a field of view of 2.8′×2.8′ in a spectral range of 393nm-656nm wavelengths and high accuracy polarization analysis requirement of 10-4. As thermo-Optics effects is a critically important problem for high resolution imaging of large aperture space solar telescope, the future research works in this proposal will be focused on the thermo-optics problems of the MFT, including: 1) Study of the optothermal ground test configuration and optothermal testing procedure for MFT; 2）Design and realization of the collimator lens of MFT, with optimal temperature insensitive focus and anti-radiation performance; 3）Study of the thermo control requirements based on the optothermal sensibility and different working cases (cool case and hot case) on orbit of MFT; 4) Analysis and optimization for obtaining a compatible design between thermal control performance and stray light elimination of MFT optical telescope.

太阳磁场望远镜（MFT)是深空太阳天文台（DSO)的主载荷。MFT由1米口径的光学望远镜和8通道双折射滤光器组成，将在日地间L1点晕轨道运行，实现对太阳2.8′×2.8′视场、覆盖393nm-656nm光谱范围，满足0.1"～0.15"空间分辨率成像性能的和10-4偏振分析精度要求的太阳磁场观测和太阳单色像观测。热光学效应是实现大口径高分辨率空间太阳望远镜需要解决的一个重要问题，在本项目中我们将针对MFT 1m口径光学望远镜若干热光学问题开展研究，包括：1）研究MFT 地面热光学试验方案和热光学检测方法；2）实现MFT 透射式准直镜消热和抗辐射性能的兼容优化设计，并研制准直镜实验样机；3)依据MFT多种工作模式和对MFT望远镜热光学性能的评估，重新论证MFT热控需求；4)研究MFT热效应和杂散光效应兼容优化方法。

我们针对空间太阳望远镜热分析方法、热真空试验、热光学效应、杂散光效应和准直镜消热设计等问题开展了研究，得到主要研究结果如下：.1.回答了为什么太阳模拟器无法用于空间太阳望远镜热光学试验的问题；.2.提出了以太阳为热源的真空太阳塔空间太阳望远镜热平衡试验方案；.3.计算证明了TGM软件中的太阳热源是一个等效无穷远点源，提出了一种建立具有32角分视场仿真太阳热源的方法，能够正确分析太阳望远镜对太阳观测状态的热流传播途径；.4.设计并制造了同时兼容抗辐射、消热（15°C-30°C）和消色差（393nm-656nm）性能的太阳望远镜透射式准直镜实验样机；.5.设计了一种置于太阳望远镜主镜焦平面的球面视场光阑，用TracePro软件分析表明，可以获得比平面视场光阑更好的拟制杂散光效果。