基于多物理场耦合的电动飞机主驱动电机优化设计

Nowadays, with the country’s growing emphasis on the construction of ecological civilization, green energy, electric technology has ushered in new development opportunities. At present, there are many research institutes in the world in the development of a new type of electric aircraft. Therefore, a series of optimization design methods for the main drive motor of electric aircraft will become very important. The main drive motor of electric aircraft has a requirement such as high power density, high torque density and high efficiency, while general motor has been incompetent. In order to increase the torque density and power density of main drive motor, the electromagnetic performance, cooling condition and mechanical structure must reach the limit, where there is a coupling relationship among electromagnetic field, temperature field and mechanical field. This topic was proposed to have a research on optimization design of multi-physical field coupling among electromagnetic field, temperature field and mechanical field for permanent magnet motor with a high cooling speed condition. Firstly, the temperature characteristics of main drive permanent magnet motor will be studied, including motor convection heat transfer coefficient of high cooling speed condition, ventilation channel and heat dissipation structure design. Afterwards, the relationship on multi-physical field coupling will be analyzed, using the bee colony algorithm and firefly algorithm to finish comprehensive optimum design of multi-physical field coupling among electromagnetic field, temperature field and mechanical field for permanent magnet motor with a high cooling speed condition. Finally, the prototype and experiment will be completed. This research project can provide a new research idea to improve the power density and the torque density of main drive motor for the electric aircraft.

近年来，随着国家对生态文明建设的愈加重视，绿色能源，电动科技领域迎来了崭新的发展契机。目前，世界上已有多个研究机构在进行新型电动飞机的研制。因此，针对电动飞机主驱动电机而进行的一系列优化设计方法变得至关重要。电动飞机要求主驱动电机功率密度大，转矩密度大和效率高，常规电机不能胜任其驱动要求。为增加主驱动电机功率密度和转矩密度，永磁电机电磁性能、冷却条件和机械结构都需达到极限，电磁、温度和机械存在着耦合关系。本课题拟研究高冷却风速下永磁电机电磁-温度-机械多物理场耦合优化设计。首先，研究主驱动永磁电机温度特性，包括高冷却风速下电机对流传热系数、通风通道与散热结构设计；其次，分析永磁电机多物理场耦合关系，采用蜂群和萤火虫算法完成高冷却风速下永磁电机电磁-温度-机械多物理场综合优化设计；最后，完成样机研制与实验。本课题可为电动飞机主驱动电机提高功率密度和转矩密度提供新的研究思路。

项目根据电动飞机主驱动电机高功率密度和高转矩密度的要求，提出一种新型电磁-温度-机械耦优化设计与分析方法。结合电动飞机主驱动电机的实际运行工况，分析电动飞机主驱动永磁电机温度特性，结合仿真分析研究了不同冷却风速下的散热与传热特性，完成电动飞机不同飞行工况下永磁电机的对流换热与传热系数校对。转子采用中空强迫冷却结构，利用机械与流体耦合分析方法，对转子机械强度与振动进行了验证分析，先后研制出两台实验样机，并模拟电动飞机飞行工况完成了高力能密度永磁电机样机实验测试与数据分析，修正后的测试结果和风洞试验与飞行试验基本吻合。所设计的高力能密度永磁电机力能密度指标最高可达15.2 kW·Nm/kg^2，电机最大设计热负荷可达6000A^2/(cm·mm^2)。已成功设计出多种型号的高力能密度电机系统并成功应用相关驱动设备，应用效果良好。项目研究可为高力能密度永磁电机的优化设计与多物理场耦合分析提供理论依据和工程参考，对促进我国电动飞机主驱动电机关键技术发展意义重大。