武陵山片区旅游城镇化响应的空间形态与机制研究

Although tourism and urbanization bring some important opportunities to poverty alleviation of the poverty-stricken area, they also trigger some challenges and new requirements. Promoting the tourism development and urbanization, guiding the interactions between them scientifically and looking for the approach to achieve poverty alleviation and all-around development concurrently are the primary theme and realistic demand for the poverty alleviation research in China. Through rethinking of the tourism urbanization response pattern of Wuling mountain area, this research explores the influential factors of it and establishes the industrial and spatial evolution model, spatial growth model of tourism enterprise as well as strength model of tourism urbanization response respectively from the perspectives of tourism and tourism enterprise. This study systematically analyzes the driving forces and evolution process and characteristics of tourism urbanization response of Wuling mountain area through the GIS platform, space analytical method and comprehensive evaluation analyze. Within the tourism urbanization response pattern of Wuling mountain area, this study uses the compressive response intensity and space response intensity as the dependent variable to establish the spatial econometric models for depicting the interaction process of influential factors and analyzing the inner mechanism of urbanization response to tourism as well as the individual enterprise quantitatively. Conceptually, this study analyzing the macro level questions of tourism urbanization response through the meso and micro- perspectives can add value to extend the research scope in the field of urban spatial morphology and enrich the concept and methodology of urbanization. Empirically, this research provides the new application mode and scientific guide for the poverty alleviation and all-around development of Wuling mountain area as well.

旅游业与城镇化为贫困地区脱贫致富带来重大机遇的同时也带来新的要求和挑战。大力发展旅游业与城镇化，科学引导城镇化响应，解决如何脱贫与寻找合理发展模式，是中国扶贫攻坚的重大现实需求和重要科学命题。通过对武陵山片区旅游城镇化的审视与反思，探讨旅游城镇化响应的影响因素，从旅游产业和旅游企业视角，构建旅游城镇化产业及空间演变、旅游企业空间增长、旅游城镇化响应强度等模型，借助 GIS 平台，运用空间分析法和综合评价法，系统地分析武陵山片区旅游城镇化响应空间形态的基本动力及演化过程与特征。以影响旅游城镇化响应关键因素为自变量，综合响应强度和空间响应强度作为因变量，分别构建空间计量模型，描述各因素的作用程度，分析其对旅游产业及企业的作用途径。从中观和微观视角分析旅游城镇化响应宏观问题，理论上有助于拓展空间形态研究视野，丰富城镇化研究理论内涵和方法，实践上为案例地解决脱贫与发展提供科学依据和新的应用模式。

旅游业与城镇化为贫困地区脱贫致富带来重大机遇的同时也带来新的要求和挑战。大力发展旅游业与城镇化，科学引导城镇化响应，解决如何脱贫与寻找合理发展模式，是中国扶贫攻坚的重大现实需求和重要科学命题。项目以武陵山片区旅游城镇化响应为切入点，探讨旅游城镇化响应的动力、路径及机制，运用访谈、历史资料、统计数据等，形成数据库，根据项目设计，主要在以下方面取得了进展：（1）界定了旅游城镇化响应概念，构建了旅游城镇化响应模型，分析其时空演化特征及影响因素，刻画旅游城镇化不可转移生态足迹和驱动活跃性。（2）发现了旅游产业成长对城镇化响应的重要作用规律；分析了旅游业成长与城镇化发展的耦合效率及机制、旅游业发展对城镇化空间形态的影响，并进行了实证研究。（3）提出了旅游城镇化集聚的概念，剖析城镇居民幸福水平对旅游城镇化集聚的响应模式与机制，从人力资本和乡村振兴的视角探析旅游城镇化发展的社会效应。（4）刻画旅游地空间成长结构模式，分析其形成机理和影响因素，为实现旅游地空间合理布局提供参考。这些成果从理论上有助于拓展空间形态研究视野，丰富城镇化研究理论内涵和方法，实践上为案例地巩固脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有机衔接提供科学依据和新的应用模式；也为同类地区提供了可资借鉴的参考价值。同时，通过学术交流业为旅游城镇化响应理论发展作出贡献。