纳米氧化锌-氧化石墨烯/水性含氟聚氨酯超双疏涂层的构筑及其海洋防污机理研究

Marine biofouling is the crucial issue in the application of marine engineering materials. This project proposes a superamphiphobic coating by incorporating ZnO/graphene oxide into waterborne fluorinated polyurethane with low surface energy to overcome the harmful effect of traditional anti-biofouling coatings (e.g. organotins, Cu2O and synthetic pesticides). The low adhesion with water and marine organism of the superamphiphobic surface, combined with the antibacterial action of ZnO/graphene oxide might reduce or even eliminate the adsorption of marine organism on the coating surfaces. The influences of the kinds of polyurethane monomers and their concentrations, the concentration of ZnO/graphene oxide and their surface conditions on the adhesion between the substrate and the coating, the microstructures on the coating surface and the surface superamphiphobicity will be studied. The influences of the composition of the films and the superamphiphobicity on the antifouling properties under seawater conditions will be investigated. The mechanism of the synergic anti-biofouling effect of ZnO/graphene and the superamphiphobicity will be clarified, which will provided the scientific basis and technical principle for developing high efficiency and practical anti-biofouling technology.

海洋生物污损是海洋工程材料开发应用中面临的突出问题，为克服传统海洋防生物污损涂层（如有机锡、氧化亚铜及合成杀虫剂等）对海洋环境的负面影响，本项目提出将低表面能水性含氟聚氨酯与具有抗菌功能的纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯复合制备超双疏涂层，利用超双疏表面对水及对海洋有机物质低粘附的特性，结合纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯的抗菌作用，以期达到减少甚至消除海洋生物在涂层表面吸附的目的。系统研究聚氨酯的组成和含量、纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯复合物的含量及表面处理方法等对涂层与基底间粘附力、涂层表面微观形貌和表面超双疏性能的影响；探索在海水条件下成膜聚合物的组成、超双疏表面性质对海洋生物吸附性能的影响；阐明纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯复合物与涂层表面超双疏性协同防生物吸附作用的机制，为开发高效实用的抗海洋生物污损技术提供良好的科学依据和技术基础。

为开发环境友好海洋防生物污损技术，本项目将具有抗菌功能的纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯与低表面能水性含氟聚氨酯复合，制备得到超双疏涂层。利用纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯的抗菌作用，结合超双疏表面对水及海洋有机物质低粘附的特性，获得了较好的防生物污损效果。深入研究了海水条件下成膜聚合物的组成、超双疏表面性质对海洋生物吸附性能（静态附着率、动态附着率、附着生物种类与分布）的影响，揭示了超双疏表面结构与形貌与生物吸附行为之间的关系。阐明了纳米氧化锌/氧化石墨烯与涂层表面超双疏性协同防生物吸附作用的机制，为开发新一代环境友好型防生物污损技术提供了科学依据和理论基础。根据这些研究结果，撰写了学术论文4篇，另有两篇论文在审稿。申请发明专利3项，已授权一项。指导毕业了两名硕士研究生，另有3名硕士研究生在读。