地铁盾构隧道结构变形的智慧感知及风险预警可视化研究

It is well known that urban rail transit system is one of the most important city lifelines. In particular, the structural deformation of metro shield tunnel is a significant risk source for safety operation of metro line, which should be given careful consideration. The aim of this study is to undertake the risk pre-warning of shield tunnel for metro safety operation. Based on the measured site data of operating tunnel deformation and risk analysis of tunnel diseases, this study investigates the development of shield tunnel deformation and risk level of tunnel diseases using a refined numerical simulation model. Here the segmental joint is explicitly simulated, and thereby a novel tunnel deformation analysis method is presented. Considering the specific deformation of segmental lining and segmental joint of shield tunnel, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) integrated units are developed. As a further study, laboratory loading test using the real segmental lining and onsite test are employed to obtain smart sensor technology for shield tunnel deformation under the operating circumstance of metro tunnel. Coupling with the study of photoelectric translating system, LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology is adopted to display the information of tunnel deformation from the MEMS units. Finally, risk pre-warning visualization technology for shield tunnel deformation is proposed to show the risk state of tunnel deformation. In summary, this study contributes to mitigate the risk of tunnel structure diseases, and is helpful to provide the technical support for metro safety operation.

城市轨道交通作为生命线工程，其地铁盾构隧道结构变形是影响运营安全的重要风险源。项目以地铁盾构隧道结构运营安全风险预警可视化为目标，通过运营隧道变形实测资料和隧道运营病害风险分析，采用能考虑盾构管片接头构造的精细化数值模拟手段，研究拼装式盾构隧道结构变形规律和病害风险等级，提出感知隧道变形的方法；利用先进的微电子机械系统（MEMS）集成技术，研制适合于盾构隧道管片和接头变形的MEMS集成传感单元，通过室内原型管片加载实验和现场实验，提出地铁运营环境下盾构隧道结构变形的智慧感知技术；通过研究隧道结构变形MEMS无线信号与光电信号的转换耦合，利用发光二极管（LED）显示技术，提出地铁盾构隧道结构变形风险预警的可视化方法，来可视化隧道结构变形的风险状态，进而能更透彻的感应和度量运营地铁盾构隧道结构的安全。项目研究可尽早地使运营地铁盾构隧道结构的病害风险得以有效规避，为地铁的安全运营提供保障。

项目针对地铁盾构隧道结构运营安全，以实现运营安全风险的感知预警可视化为目标，通过明确盾构隧道结构变形规律，基于物联网的感知网络技术以及基于LEDs的可视化技术将结构变形风险进行动态实时感知与预警，有效保障地铁的安全运营。具体内容及相关成果如下：.（1）揭示了地铁盾构隧道结构纵横向变形时管片转动与接头变形规律。采用9弹簧-接触面模型模拟管片接头，建立盾构隧道三维数值模型。分析得到隧道横断面不同位置接头存在错动与张开两种模式；在隧道纵向不均匀沉降中由管片转动所致比例大于环间错台所致比例。以隧道横向收敛变形作为风险预警指标建立盾构隧道风险评价模型，并建立了变形与风险预警等级关系。.（2）提出了基于地铁盾构隧道管片倾角变形的盾构隧道变形感知方法。以大直径盾构隧道为例，采用解析和数值方法，确定了倾角的最优监测位置和倾角推算横向收敛变形公式；提出了基于无线倾角传感器的纵向沉降动静态综合监测方法，设计了基于无线倾角传感器的纵向沉降静态监测传感方案（Tunnel Inclination Array ,TIA），通过室内试验验证TIA传感器测量纵向沉降的可行性。.（3）研发基于MEMS技术的隧道结构无线倾角传感器。基于MEMS技术研发了适应于盾构隧道管片变形特征与隧道服役环境的MEMS集成传感单元TJ_UWIS系列倾角传感器，并通过盾构隧道管片加载实验的应用验证了基于MEMS倾角传感器的隧道收敛变形推算方法的可行性；.（4）实现盾构隧道结构变形风险预警可视化。通过将隧道结构变形信号与LED光电信号的转换耦合，研发了风险可视化预警系统原型设备，针对盾构隧道中特殊的使用环境，对其系统发光、数据存储、供能系统、系统适应性以及封装外观等各方面参数进行设计。通过室内试验验证了盾构隧道中风险可视化预警的可行性和合理性。.（5）盾构隧道结构变形风险预警可视化的地铁现场实验。已初步准备将MEMS倾角传感网络、LEDs风险可视化预警系统应用到上海地铁二号线东延伸段。