养殖大黄鱼品质及其营养调控机理的研究

Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is a local and famous marine fish species. Compared with the wild large yellow croaker, there are severe quality problems in farmed fish, such as vague yellow body color, degenerated fish flavor and loosed flesh firmness. This study views from the nutrition metabolism point to explore the formation and regulation mechanism of flesh quality. In this research, gene and metabolites information of flesh quality will be studied by the means of gene microarray and metabolomics. A quantitative evaluation data base of flesh quality will be constructed for the farmed large yellow croaker. Moreover, inosinic acid, collagen and astaxanthin will be chosen as the representative parameter of flesh flavor, firmness and skin color, respectively. The metabolism and signaling pathway of these parameters will be studied by the means of RNAi, western blot and PCR, etc. Furthermore, the nutritional regulation mechanism will be investigated. Based on this study, it is expected to preliminarily clarify the relationship between nutrients metabolism and quality formation in large yellow croaker, and provide the theory and data supports for promoting the quality of farmed large yellow croaker by nutrition intervention methods.

本研究以我国特有的名贵海水养殖鱼类- - 大黄鱼为对象，针对其在人工养殖中出现的皮肤黄色特征模糊、肌肉风味退化和肉质松散等品质下降问题，从营养代谢的角度探讨品质的形成机理和调控机制。以野生大黄鱼为标准，饲料养殖大黄鱼为对比，采用基因芯片、代谢组学的先进方法，研究决定品质表征的基因和代谢物基础，建立定量评价养殖大黄鱼品质的基础数据库（基因和代谢物）。在此基础上，分别以肌苷酸、胶原蛋白和虾青素为风味、质地和体色构成物质的代表，在细胞和个体两个水平上，利用RNAi、western 杂交和实时荧光定量PCR等分子生物学技术，研究营养状态对其在体内的代谢途径和调控信号转导通路等机制的影响，初步建立营养代谢与品质形成之间的关系，为通过营养干预提升养殖大黄鱼品质提供理论依据和基础数据。

本研究以我国特有的名贵海水养殖鱼类——大黄鱼为对象，针对其在人工养殖中出现的皮肤黄色特征模糊、肌肉风味退化和肉质松散等品质下降问题，从营养代谢的角度探讨品质的形成机理和调控机制。以野生大黄鱼为标准，饲料养殖大黄鱼为对比，采用转录组和代谢组学的先进方法，研究决定品质表征的基因和代谢物基础，初步建立了定量评价养殖大黄鱼品质的基础数据库。在此基础上，分别对营养调控养殖大黄鱼体色、肌肉质地和风味的机理进行了研究，初步建立了营养代谢与品质形成之间的关系，为通过营养干预提升养殖大黄鱼品质提供了理论依据和基础数据。主要成果包括：确定了能有效改善大黄鱼体色的饲料虾青素等类胡萝卜素的含量以及不同色素之间的最佳比例；羟脯氨酸和维生素C的交互作用以及其调控肌肉胶原蛋白含量的代谢途径；饲料不饱和脂肪酸的含量和比例影响肌肉气味和滋味物质的组成的效果及其中的机制；饲料源性氧化胁迫对大黄鱼健康和肌肉品质的影响机制。以上研究已发表学术论文15篇，其中 SCI 收录12篇；已接收待发表文章1篇，其中 SCI 收录1篇。