受限空间中多个危险重气泄漏源的快速辨识问题研究

Identifying leakage sources rapidly is crucial to prevent and mitigate the disaster caused by a sudden hazardous gas leakage in a confined space. The purpose of this project is to rapidly determine the exact locations and emission rates of multiple leakage sources in a confined space. There are three challenges ahead, the nonlinearity of heavy gas dispersion in confined spaces, the uncertainty of source identification for the scenarios that involve simultaneous leaks at multiple locations, and the demand for real-time identification in a sudden leakage incident. To deal with the challenges, three closely related topics are studied. First, the analytical expressions that quantitatively describe the heavy gas dispersion in confined space are presented based on the study of the mechanism and inherent laws of the heavy gas dispersion. Next, by combining the analytical expressions with the nonlinear optimization methods, two types of methods are developed for rapidly identifying multiple leakage sources of heavy gas under conditions of instantaneous and continuous releases, respectively. Finally, the adverse effects of using actual sensor readings on the effectiveness of source identification are investigated, and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed to promote the identification methods from theoretical research to practical applications. This project will give more insights into the hazardous heavy gas dispersion in confined space, enrich the theory and methods on identifying leakage source of hazardous gas in confined space, and provide theoretical and technical supports for the prevention and control of disasters in confined space due to hazardous gas leakage and for the protection of public security.

在受限空间发生危险气体泄漏的突发事件中，快速获取泄漏源的信息是有效实施各类防灾减灾措施的前提和关键。本项目拟围绕着受限空间中多个危险重气泄漏源的确切位置和释放强度的快速辨识问题开展研究。针对解决该问题在"受限空间中危险重气扩散的非线性"、"多处泄漏情况下源辨识的不确定性"以及"突发性泄漏事件中源辨识的实时性"三个方面所面临的挑战，将首先研究危险重气的扩散机理和内在规律，建立定量描述其扩散过程的解析表达式；进而结合解析表达式与非线性优化方法，建立受限空间中多个危险重气泄漏源在瞬时释放和连续释放两类条件下的快速辨识方法；最后研究传感器真实特性对辨识效果的限制并提出相应对策，推动辨识方法走向实际应用。通过项目研究，将进一步揭示受限空间中危险重气的扩散机理和内在规律，丰富和完善受限空间中危险气体泄漏源的辨识理论和方法，为防治受限空间危险气体泄漏灾害和保障公共安全提供理论和技术支撑。

在受限空间发生危险气体泄漏的突发事件中，快速获取泄漏源的信息是有效实施各类防灾减灾措施的前提和关键。本项目围绕着受限空间中多个危险重气泄漏源的确切位置和释放强度的快速辨识问题，综合运用理论分析、数值模拟和示踪气体试验手段开展了系统的研究，取得如下四个方面的研究进展：（1）通过对危险重气的扩散机理和内在规律的深入研究，建立了定量描述其扩散过程的解析表达式；（2）基于解析表达式，进一步建立受限空间中利用有限个固定传感器快速辨识多个危险重气泄漏源的位置和释放强度的方法；（3）揭示了传感器真实特性对辨识效果的影响规律并提出了相应对策；（4）建立了针对受限空间自然通风和机械通风时变流场环境下的多机器人主动寻源方法，开发了多机器人主动寻源系统，并试验验证了方法的有效性。通过项目研究，进一步揭示了受限空间中危险重气的扩散机理和内在规律，丰富和完善了受限空间中危险气体泄漏源的辨识理论和方法，为防治受限空间危险气体泄漏灾害和保障公共安全提供了理论和技术支撑。