高分辨率卫星颤振探测分析与姿态修正方法研究

High-resolution satellite earth observation system is one of 16 major projects of the long-term scientific and technological development program of China. Attitude jitter is an important factor affecting the quality of high-resolution satellite imagery and its geometric positioning accuracy. However, the attitude measurement accuracy and frequency of domestic satellites are limited and not high enough to detect and accurately measure the attitude jitter. Therefore, an effective approach of jitter detection and correction is needed to improve the image quality and geometric positioning accuracy of domestic satellites.. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel and systematic image-based approach for high-resolution satellite attitude jitter detection and compensation, including: (1) Influencing mechanism of satellite jitter on image quality and methods of jitter detection from images recorded by different types of sensor (panchromatic and multi-spectral), (2) transformation model between the image disparity and the attitude jitter value, (3) modeling of the attitude jitter time series based on spectral analysis and Fourier series transformation, and (4) methods of jitter effect elimination in the image space as well as jitter correction to the attitude. The study will reveal the influencing mechanism of satellite attitude jitter on image quality and geometric accuracy, and the proposed approach will be applied to ZY-3, Mapping Satellite-1, GF-1 and the follow-up domestic high resolution satellites to detect and compensate satellite attitude jitter, ensuring high-quality image processing and high-accuracy geo-position, and providing clues for on-orbit satellite control and satellite design of the follow-up high-resolution satellites of China.

高分辨率卫星对地观测系统工程是我国中长期科技发展规划的16个重大专项之一，卫星颤振是影响高分辨率卫星成像质量和几何定位精度的重要因素。针对国产高分辨率卫星定姿精度和频率不高的现实状况，迫切需要对卫星颤振进行精确探测和处理以提高影像质量和几何定位精度的需求，本项目系统研究高分辨率卫星颤振探测分析与补偿方法，包括：（1）高分辨率卫星颤振对成像质量的影响机制和基于多传感器影像（全色和多光谱）的颤振探测方法；（2）影像像移与姿态颤振的定量转换模型；（3）基于频谱分析和傅立叶级数的姿态颤振建模；（4）影像颤振补偿和姿态修正方法。研究成果将揭示卫星颤振对成像质量和几何精度的影响机制，并应用于我国“资源三号”、“天绘一号”、“高分一号”和后续高分系列卫星，分析卫星颤振变化规律并进行补偿，为国产高分辨率卫星影像高质量处理和高精度几何定位提供保障，并为卫星在轨控制和后续高分系列卫星设计提供参考依据。

卫星颤振是影响高分辨率卫星成像质量和几何定位精度的重要因素。针对高分辨率卫星颤振探测处理需求，研究了基于影像反演的卫星颤振探测分析方法，提出了基于多光谱影像、基于三线阵全色影像以及基于密集地面控制等多种卫星颤振探测估计方法；针对沿轨方向颤振视差与地形视差混淆问题，提出了三线阵影像后向投影偏差估计方法，消除地形因素对颤振探测的影响，实现了颤振的精确估计；提出了基于影像重采样的影像颤振补偿方法和考虑姿态颤振修正的严密成像模型，提高影像的几何精度。所提出的方法技术成功应用于资源三号、天绘一号等国产高分辨率卫星以及Terra卫星、月球轨道勘察器和火星快车等国外卫星的颤振探测分析，为高分辨率卫星影像的质量提升和高精度几何定位提供了保障，也为卫星在轨控制和卫星稳定性设计提供了参考依据。